Question

resident rules was involved in punjabi 1983? why? this question has 10 points​

Answer 1

The insurgency in Punjab originated in the late 1970s, was a threat to the unity and integrity of India due to the militant Sikh ethno nationalism known as Khalistan movement.[14] In the 1980s the movement had developed into a secessionist movement under the leadership of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale.[15] The Green revolution brought several socio-economic changes which along with factionalism of the politics in the Punjab state increased tension between a section of Sikhs in Punjab with the union Government of India.[14] Pakistani strategists then began supporting the militant dimension of the Khalistan movement.[14]

Punjab insurgency
IN-PB.svg
Affected areas coloured in Red
Date 1981–1995[8]
(14 years)
Location
Punjab, India
Result
Indian Government Victory

Cleared out of militants from Harmandir Sahib in 1984.
Khalistani militants militarily defeated.
Territorial
changes Government regains control and establishs peace in punjab and northwestern areas.
Belligerents
India

Supported by:
United Kingdom[1]
Khalistani militants
[2][3][4]
Khalistani separatists

Supported by:
Pakistan (alleged, denied)[5][6][7]
Commanders and leaders
Zail Singh
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
Shankar Dayal Sharma
Indira Gandhi †
Kanwar Pal Singh Gill
Kuldip Singh Brar
Ranjit Singh Dyal
Rajiv Gandhi
Vishwanath Pratap Singh
Chandra Shekhar
Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao
Krishnaswamy Sundarji
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale †
Bhai Amrik Singh †
Shabeg Singh †
Manbir Singh Chaheru †
Labh Singh †
Kanwaljit Singh Sultanwind Surrendered
Paramjit Singh Panjwar
Ranjit Singh Neeta
Aroor Singh †
Avtar Singh Brahma †
Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala †
Navroop Singh †
Navneet Singh Khadian †
Pritam Singh Sekhon †
Gurbachan Singh Manochahal †
Balwinder Singh
Talwinder Singh Parmar †
Sukhdev Singh Babbar †
Wadhawa Singh Babbar
Units involved
Indian Armed Forces
Indian Army
Indian Air Force
Ministry of Home Affairs
Intelligence Bureau
Flag of Central Reserve Police Forces Central Reserve Police Force
Logo of Border Security Forces Border Security Force
Punjab Police
United Kingdom British Special Air Service
Babbar Khalsa
Khalistan Zindabad Force
Khalistan Commando Force
Khalistan Liberation Force
Bhindranwala Tigers Force of Khalistan
Pakistan ISI[5][6]
Pakistan Special Services Group[5]
Strength
India 150,000[9]
30,000 (est.)
Casualties and losses
1,417 security forces killed[10]
249 security forces injured[11][12]
8,600 Sikh militants killed[13]
12,000 civilian deaths[13]
In 1972 Punjab state elections, Congress won and Akali Dal was defeated. In 1973 Akali Dal put forward the Anandpur Sahib Resolution to demand more autonomy to Punjab.[16] The Congress government considered the resolution a secessionist document and rejected it.[17] Bhindranwale then joined the Akali Dal to launch the Dharam Yudh Morcha in 1982, to implement Anandpur Sahib resolution. Bhindranwale had risen to prominence in the Sikh political circle with his policy of getting the Anandpur Resolution passed, failing which he wanted to declare a separate country of Khalistan as a homeland for Sikhs.[18]

Bhindranwale symbolized the revivalist, extremist and terrorist movement in the 1980s in Punjab.[19] He is credited with the launching the Sikh militancy in Punjab,[15] with training and support from the spy agency ISI of Pakistan.[6] Under Bhindranwale, the number of people initiating into the Khalsa increased. He also increased the level of rhetoric on the perceived "assault" on Sikh values from the Hindu community.[15] Bhindranwale and his followers started carrying firearms at all times.[15] In 1983, to escape arrest, he along with his militant cadre occupied and fortified the Sikh shrine Akal Takht.[20] He made the Sikh religious building his headquarters and led the terrorist campaign in Punjab.[21]

On 1 June Operation Blue Star was launched to remove him and the armed militants from the Golden Temple complex. On 6 June Bhindranwale died in the operation. The operation carried out in the temple caused outrage among the Sikhs and increased the support for Khalistan Movement.[14] Four months after the operation, on 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated in vengeance by her two Sikh bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh.[22] Public outcry over Gandhi's death led to the killings of Sikhs in the ensuing 1984 anti-Sikh riots.[23] These events played a major role in the violence by Sikh militant groups supported by Pakistan and consumed Punjab till the early 1990s when the Khalistan movement eventually died out.[24]

The extremist violence had started with targeting of the Nirankaris and followed by attack on the government machinery and the Hindus. Ultimately the Sikh terrorists also targeted other Sikhs with opposing viewpoints. This led to further loss of public support and the militants were eventually brought under control of law enforcement agencies by 1993.[25]