RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT what are the Important points in these leasion
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Answer:
Developed resources are quite the opposite. We take years to develop most of the water, fossil fuel, minerals, plants and animals that we use for our need today. Stock Resources are ones which have the potential but we do not have the adequate knowledge or technology to develop it.
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Resources
Everything in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs and is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable is termed as ‘Resource’. Human beings themselves are essential components of resources. They transform material available in the environment into resources and use them.
Classification of Resources
Resources can be classified in the following ways:
(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
(d) On the basis of the status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves
Classification of Resources
(a) On the Basis of Origin – Biotic and Abiotic
Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life.
Eg: Human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.
Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources.
Eg: rocks and metals.
(b) On the Basis of Exhaustibility – Renewable and Non-Renewable
The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as Renewable or Replenishable Resources. The renewable resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.
Eg: Solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
Non-Renewable Resources occur over a very long geological time. These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
Eg: Minerals and fossil fuels.
Development of Resources
- Resources have been used by human beings indiscriminately and this has led to the following major problems.
- Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
- Accumulation of resources in a few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e rich and poor.
- It has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
- Resource planning is essential for the sustainable existence of all forms of life. Sustainable Economic Development means “development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generations.”
Resource Planning
In India, there are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources. This calls for balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional and local levels.
Resource Planning in India
Resource planning is a complex process which involves:
(i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
Land Resources
Land is a natural resource of utmost importance. It supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities, transport and communication systems. India has land under a variety of relief features, namely; mountains, plateaus, plains and islands as shown below:
Land resources are used for the following purposes:
Soil as a Resource
Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
Parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil play an important role.
Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials.
Classification of Soils
On the basis of the factors responsible for soil formation, colour, thickness, texture, age, chemical and physical properties, the soils of India are classified in different types as mentioned below.
different types of soils found in India
- Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. The soil erosion is caused due to human activities like deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining etc. Also, there are some natural forces like wind, glacier and water which lead to soil erosion. Soil erosion is also caused due to defective methods of farming.
Different Ways for Soil Conservation
Ploughing along the contour lines decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called Contour Ploughing.
Terrace cultivation restricts erosion. This type of agriculture practice is done in Western and Central Himalayas.
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