Rewrite the following sentences in direct speech.
1. He says that he is fond of mangoes.
Answers
Explanation:
He said , " I am fond of mangoes ".
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Required Answer :-
Indirect: He says that he is fond of mangoes.
Direct: He says,"I am fond of mangoes."
Additional Information :-
In english there are two types of speeches.
⓵ Direct Speech
⓶ Indirect Speech
The meaning of a sentence in both the voices is same.
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⎈ Structure of Direct Speech
In Direct Speech there are two parts :-
(i) Reporting Verb
(ii) Reported Speech
⌬ Reporting Verb
The verb (usually say, said, asked or replied) which generally comes before the inverted commas is called Reporting Verb
⌬ Reported Speech
The part within the inverted commas (or the exact words of the speaker) is called the Reported Speech.
Ram said,"He is playing cricket".
Here,
⎊ Reporting Verb - said
⎊ Reported Speech - He is playing cricket
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⎈ Structure of Indirect Speech
⎉ In Indirect Speech there is no inverted commas.
⎉ The comma separating the Reporting Verb and Reported Speech is removed.
⎉ Instead of comma we write that , whether etc. [Discussed Later]
Example : Ram said that he was playing cricket.
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◆ What should be written in place of inverted comma in Indirect Speech ?
✦ In Assertive Sentence (also said Declarative Sentence or Statement) we write that in place of inverted commas in Indirect Speech.
✦ In Exclamatory Sentence we write that in place of inverted commas in Indirect Speech.
✦ In Question sentences there are two types :-
(i) For Yes or No Questions we write whether or if in place of inverted commas.
(ii) For wh Questions we write the wh question word in place of inverted commas.
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☯︎ Some common changes while changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech
Direct - Indirect
(i) Now - Then
(ii) This - That
(iii) These - Those
(iv) Here - There
(v) Thus - So
(vi) Ago - Before
(vii) Hither - Thither
(viii) Hence - Thence
(ix) Today - That day
(x) Tonight - That night
(xi) Tomorrow - The next day or The following day
(xii) Yesterday - The previous day or The day before
(xiii) Next week - The following week
(xiv) Last week - The previous week
(xv) Just - Then
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☯︎ Change in the form of the helping verb while changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech
(i) is/am - was
(ii) are - were
(iii) will - would
(iv) shall - should
(v) can - could
(vi) may - might
(vii) has/have - had
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☯︎ Similar changes in the forms of verb also takes place.
(i) v¹ - v²
(ii) v² - had v³
(iii) had v³ - No change
Examples :
(i) eat - ate
(ii) ate - had eaten
(iii) had eaten - No change
❍ NOTE :
◆ v¹ ➪ First form of verb ➪ Present Tense
◆ v² ➪ Second form of verb ➪ Past Tense
◆ v³ ➪ Third form of verb ➪ Past Participle Tense
◆ v⁴ ➪ Fourth form of verb ➪ Continues form of verb
Examples :
v¹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀v² ⠀⠀⠀⠀v³⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀v⁴
Eat ⠀⠀⠀Ate ⠀ ⠀Eaten⠀ ⠀Eating⠀
Go⠀⠀ ⠀Went⠀⠀Gone⠀ ⠀Going
Fly ⠀⠀⠀Flew ⠀⠀Flown⠀⠀Flying
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❖ We use 123 SON rule while changing pronouns in Direct Speech to Indirect Speech.
✹ S stands for Subject
✹ O stands for Object
✹ N stands for No Change
There are three rules in 123 SON rule.
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❐ Rule No. 1
First - Person Pronouns (I, me, my, we, us, our) in Reported speech change according to the Subject of the Reporting Verb.
Example :
❍ I said ,"I am honest". [Direct Speech]
➪ I said that I am honest. [Indirect Speech]
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❐ Rule No. 2
Second - Person Pronouns (you, your) in Reported speech change according to the Object of the Reporting Verb.
Example :
❍ I said to you, "You are honest." [Direct Speech]
➪ I told you that you were honest. [Indirect Speech]
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❐ Rule No. 3
Third - Person Pronouns (he, she , his , her, it , they, them) in Reported speech remain unchanged.
Example :
❍ I said to him, "He is honest." [Direct Speech]
➪ I told him that he was honest. [Indirect Speech]
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❖ Rules for change of Tense
❶ Simple Present Tense - Simple Past Tense
Direct: I write.
Indirect: I wrote.
❷ Present Continuous Tense - Past Continuous Tense
Direct: I am writing.
Indirect: I was writing
❸ Present Perfect Tense- Past Perfect Tense
Direct: I have written.
Indirect: I had written.
❹ Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Direct: I have been writing.
Indirect: I had been writing.
❺ Simple Past Tense - Past Perfect Tense
Direct: I wrote.
Indirect: I had written.
❻ Past Continuous Tense - Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Direct: I was writing.
Indirect: I had been writing.
❼ Past Perfect Tense - No change
❽ Past Perfect Continuous Tense - No change
❾ Future Tense - Conditional
Direct: I will write.
Indirect: I would write.
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