ricciocarpusnatans is an aquatic bryophyte or not
Answers
Explanation:
Places such as streams, lakes and bogs are home to many species of bryophytes. The most significant of the bog bryophytes are the mosses in the genus Sphagnum. Sphagnum bogs are estimated to cover between 1% and 2% of the world's land surface (more than the area covered by any other single plant genus) and have significant ecological roles. You'll find more in the SPHAGNUM SECTION. Some of the bryophyte species found near water can also tolerate drier areas while others cannot survive away from a moist environment. Many bryophytes are found in association with freshwater but there are no marine bryophytes. A few species are found in brackish water.
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Taxithelium merrillii on mangrove mud
An example is the moss Taxithelium merrillii shown here carpeting mangrove mud in a north Queensland river estuary. In such an area the carpet is subject to tidal inundation but also receives a high input of fresh water. The photo was kindly supplied by the Australian bryologist Andi Cairns of Townsville.
You will probably have seen lush bryophyte colonies at the margins of streams or lakes, on boulders in streams and even on the rock faces of waterfalls. The bryophytes in such sites are frequently splashed with water and, from time to time, may even become submerged for relatively short periods. However many people are unaware that there are also permanently submerged bryophytes, particularly in lakes, some capable of growing many metres below the water's surface. Having said that, it's important to note that there are no obligatorily aquatic bryophytes. All the evidence points to the conclusion that the bryophytes found in water are essentially terrestrial species, albeit with varying degrees of adaptations to a watery environment. All the species found growing in water (even those found submerged) can also be found growing on land. Aquatic and terrestrial examples of the one species can certainly look different. Looking at just three aspects of bryophyte life, the requirements for gas exchange, photosynthesis and structural support for an aquatic bryophyte are clearly quite different to those for a terrestrial bryophyte. It is therefore not surprising to find some physical or physiological differences between land and water bryophytesreference link.
Stream and lake bryophytes are typically attached to some substrate, usually stationary (such as the beds or sides of the streams or lakes) but some mosses have been found growing on the shells of living freshwater molluscs. Studies of Swedish lakes have shown that submerged bryophytes are common, with 65 species having been recorded in Swedish lakes. Mosses have been found to blanket the bottoms of some of the smaller lakes, at depths of one to two metres and, still in Sweden, mosses in the genera Calliergon and Drepanocladus have been found at depths up to fifteen metres and the leafy liverwort Marsupella aquatica to 30 metres. In Lac Léman in Switzerland a moss, probably in the genus Thamnobryum was found at a depth of 60 metres. In Crater Lake in Oregon, USA thick moss mats can be found at depths from 18 to 60 metres and green moss plants in the genera Drepanocladus and Fontinalis have been dredged from a depth of 120 metres. An important determinant of the depth to which bryophytes can grow is the clarity of the water. Bryophytes need light so, the clearer the water the better the light transmission. Studies have shown that high water pressures inhibit various plant functions, but that the aquatic bryophytes show a greater tolerance than do the aquatic angiosperms. Moving to the Southern Hemisphere, the moss Richardsiopsis lacustris (originally named as Sciaromium lacustre) is known only from Lake Titicaca and some nearby lakes in South America. These are very high altitude lakes, located between 3800 and 4200 metres above sea level. Aquatic mosses are found in various lakes on Signy Island in the sub-Antarctic, with the appropriately named Moss Lake showing the most spectacular development. For wet bryophytes the respiration rate increases sharply with temperature but photosynthesis cannot increase at the same rate. If a bryophyte is kept wet and the temperature is steadily raised, there would eventually come a point at which photosynthesis could no longer keep the cells supplied with the nutrients they need. Another point to note is that the concentration of carbon dioxide, essential for photosynthesis, is higher in cooler waters. These factors help explain why aquatic bryophytes are commoner in the non-tropical regions. Terrestrial bryophytes, well away from water, can dry out and go dormant in hot weather and so survive far higher temperatures than can aquatic bryophytes
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