RISE OF SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
1. Who were Liberals?
2. Which group supported women’s suffragette movements?
3. Who were jadidists?
4. Who sought build a cooperative community called ‘New Harmony’?
5. How were the liberals different from the democrats?
6. Who wanted revolutions to put an end to monarchical system?
7. By the nineteenth century what changes occurred in the idea of conservatives?
8. Who was Louis Blanc?
9. Why were socialist against private property?
10. According to Karl Marx, how workers could free themselves from capitalist exploitation?
Short Answer Questions (SAQs):
1. Differentiate between the ideas of the liberals and radicals in Europe.
2. Mention any three features of socialism.
3. Mention any three factors responsible for the Russian Revolution of 1905.
4. Who was Karl Marx? What were his views about capitalism?
5. Describe the economic condition of the workers at the beginning of the twentieth century.
6. Why were socialists against private property and how it could be improved?
7. Describe the viewpoint of radicals.
8. Describe the events that happened in 1905 revolution in Russia?
Long Answer Questions (LAQs):
1. Explain the views of socialists on private property. Which international body was set up by socialists to spread and coordinate their efforts?
2. Explain the major events that were responsible for the Russian Revolution of 1905..
3. Explain the collectivisation programme of Stalin.
4. Mention the main events of the February Revolution of 1917.
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Categorise the responses that emerged in Europe after the French Revolution.
The responses that emerged in Europe after the French Revolution can be categorised as 'conservative', 'liberal' and 'radical'.
2. What does the term 'conservative' mean?
The conservatives believed in respect for the past and change through a gradual process.
3. Who were the 'radicals'?
The radicals believed in drastic change of society. A society based on majority rule and was in favour of women's suffragette.
i. They were opposed to privileges of landowners and wealthy factory owners.
ii. They disliked concentration of property in few hands.
4. What differentiated the 'liberals' from the democrats?
What differentiated the liberals from the democrats was that the liberals did not believe in universal franchise and were against right of women to vote.
5. List some similarities between 'liberals' and 'radicals'.
Both liberals and radicals firmly believed in value of individual effort, labour and enterprise. They were in favour of privileges based on merit not birth.
6. What was the significance of the Russian Revolution?
The most significant feature of the Russian Revolution was the establishment of a socialist state.
7. Into which two prominent political groups was the Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party divided in 1898.
(i) Bolsheviks and
(ii) Mensheviks.
8. What according to Socialism was the root of all evils in society?
Socialist regarded private property as the root of all evils in society.
9. Give any two features of Socialism.
(i) Means of production are owned by the state. There is no concept of private property.
(ii) The socialist idea is "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his work".
10. Why were the socialists against private property and capitalism?
Socialists considered private property as the main cause for class divisions which is why they favoured abolition of private property. Therefore, capitalism with its profit motive became the main target of the socialists.
11. List names of two advocates of cooperatives.
(i) Robert Owen
(ii) Louis Blanc.
12. What was the name of the cooperative community built by Robert Owen? Where was it started?
The name of the cooperative community started by Robert Owen was New Harmony. It was started in Indiana (USA).
13. What was the basic difference between the cooperatives advocated by Robert Owen and Louis Blanc?
While Robert Owen favoured individual initiative in the setting up of cooperatives, Louis 451anc favoured government intervention in setting up of cooperatives.
14. (a) Name the international body formed to coordinate socialist efforts.
The Second International was the body formed in 1870, to coordinate socialist efforts throughout Europe.
14. (b) What was second International?
Second International was- an international body formed in the 1870s. It was set up to coordinate the efforts and ideas of socialists who were spread throughout Europe.
15. Why were workers associations formed in France, Britain and Germany?
Workers associations were formed in France, Britain and Germany to fight for better living and working conditions and to pressurize governments to grant right to vote to workers.
16. List the names of two workers associations.
The names are:
(i) Labour Party in Britain
(ii) Socialist Party in France.
17. How did the Socialists succeed in influencing legislation prior to 1914?
Prior to 1914, the socialists were unable to form a government of their own, but were able to influence legislation through their strong parliamentary representatives.
18. Where and when was the first Socialist Government formed?
The first Socialist Government was formed in Russia after the 1917, October Revolution.
19. What is meant by the term Russian Revolution?
The Russian Revolution entails fall of monarchy (Tsar) in February 1917 and the events of October 1917.
20. Name the Tsar in whose reign the Revolution broke out.
Nicholas II was the Tsar of Russia at the time of the Revolution.
21. List the religious groups in Russia before 1914.
Majority of Russians belonged to the Russian Orthodox Christianity. Others were Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists.
22. What were the contributions of Lenin?
Contributions of Lenin were:
(i) Lenin was leader of the Bolshevik party.
(ii) After assuming power he directed the social and economic revolution of October 1917 and
The responses that emerged in Europe after the French Revolution can be categorised as 'conservative', 'liberal' and 'radical'.
2. What does the term 'conservative' mean?
The conservatives believed in respect for the past and change through a gradual process.
3. Who were the 'radicals'?
The radicals believed in drastic change of society. A society based on majority rule and was in favour of women's suffragette.
i. They were opposed to privileges of landowners and wealthy factory owners.
ii. They disliked concentration of property in few hands.
4. What differentiated the 'liberals' from the democrats?
What differentiated the liberals from the democrats was that the liberals did not believe in universal franchise and were against right of women to vote.
5. List some similarities between 'liberals' and 'radicals'.
Both liberals and radicals firmly believed in value of individual effort, labour and enterprise. They were in favour of privileges based on merit not birth.
6. What was the significance of the Russian Revolution?
The most significant feature of the Russian Revolution was the establishment of a socialist state.
7. Into which two prominent political groups was the Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party divided in 1898.
(i) Bolsheviks and
(ii) Mensheviks.
8. What according to Socialism was the root of all evils in society?
Socialist regarded private property as the root of all evils in society.
9. Give any two features of Socialism.
(i) Means of production are owned by the state. There is no concept of private property.
(ii) The socialist idea is "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his work".
10. Why were the socialists against private property and capitalism?
Socialists considered private property as the main cause for class divisions which is why they favoured abolition of private property. Therefore, capitalism with its profit motive became the main target of the socialists.
11. List names of two advocates of cooperatives.
(i) Robert Owen
(ii) Louis Blanc.
12. What was the name of the cooperative community built by Robert Owen? Where was it started?
The name of the cooperative community started by Robert Owen was New Harmony. It was started in Indiana (USA).
13. What was the basic difference between the cooperatives advocated by Robert Owen and Louis Blanc?
While Robert Owen favoured individual initiative in the setting up of cooperatives, Louis 451anc favoured government intervention in setting up of cooperatives.
14. (a) Name the international body formed to coordinate socialist efforts.
The Second International was the body formed in 1870, to coordinate socialist efforts throughout Europe.
14. (b) What was second International?
Second International was- an international body formed in the 1870s. It was set up to coordinate the efforts and ideas of socialists who were spread throughout Europe.
15. Why were workers associations formed in France, Britain and Germany?
Workers associations were formed in France, Britain and Germany to fight for better living and working conditions and to pressurize governments to grant right to vote to workers.
16. List the names of two workers associations.
The names are:
(i) Labour Party in Britain
(ii) Socialist Party in France.
17. How did the Socialists succeed in influencing legislation prior to 1914?
Prior to 1914, the socialists were unable to form a government of their own, but were able to influence legislation through their strong parliamentary representatives.
18. Where and when was the first Socialist Government formed?
The first Socialist Government was formed in Russia after the 1917, October Revolution.
19. What is meant by the term Russian Revolution?
The Russian Revolution entails fall of monarchy (Tsar) in February 1917 and the events of October 1917.
20. Name the Tsar in whose reign the Revolution broke out.
Nicholas II was the Tsar of Russia at the time of the Revolution.
21. List the religious groups in Russia before 1914.
Majority of Russians belonged to the Russian Orthodox Christianity. Others were Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists.
22. What were the contributions of Lenin?
Contributions of Lenin were:
(i) Lenin was leader of the Bolshevik party.
(ii) After assuming power he directed the social and economic revolution of October 1917 and
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