Robert Mugabe overthrew a democratically elected government and declared humself as the
Chief Executive of the country.
plzz it is important
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In late 1987, Zimbabwe's parliament amended the constitution.[247] On 30 December it declared Mugabe to be executive President, a new position that combined the roles of head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.[248] This position gave him the power to dissolve parliament, declare martial law, and run for an unlimited number of terms.[249] According to Meredith, Mugabe now had "a virtual stranglehold on government machinery and unlimited opportunities to exercise patronage".[249] The constitutional amendments also abolished the twenty parliamentary seats reserved for white representatives,[250] and left parliament less relevant and independent.[251]
In the build-up to the 1990 election, parliamentary reforms increased the number of seats to 120; of these, twenty were to be appointed by the President and ten by the Council of Chiefs.[252] This measure made it more difficult for any opposition to Mugabe to gain a parliamentary majority.[253] The main opposition party in that election were the Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), launched in April 1989 by Tekere;[254] although a longstanding friend of Mugabe, Tekere accused him of betraying the revolution and establishing a dictatorship.[255] ZANU–PF propaganda made threats against those considering voting ZUM in the election; one television advert featured images of a car crash with the statement "This is one way to die. Another is to vote ZUM. Don't commit suicide, vote ZANU-PF and live."[256] In the election, Mugabe was re-elected President with nearly 80% of the vote, while ZANU–PF secured 116 of the 119 available parliamentary seats.[257]
Mugabe had long hoped to convert Zimbabwe into a one-party state, but in 1990 he officially "postponed" these plans as both Mozambique and many Eastern Bloc states transitioned from one-party states to multi-party republics.[258] Following the collapse of the Marxist-Leninist regimes in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, in 1991 ZANU–PF removed references to "Marxism-Leninism" and "scientific socialism" in its material; Mugabe maintained that "socialism remains our sworn ideology".[259] That year, Mugabe pledged himself to free market economics and accepted a structural adjustment programme provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).[260] This economic reform package called for Zimbabwe to privatise state assets and reduce import tariffs;[183] Mugabe's government implemented some but not all of its recommendations.[260] The reforms encouraged employers to cut their wages, generating growing opposition from the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions.[261]
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