Question

role of coenzyme in enzymatic action​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Coenzymes assist enzymes in turning substrates into products. They can be used by multiple types of enzymes and change forms. Specifically, coenzymes function by activating enzymes, or acting as carriers of electrons or molecular groups. Vitamins are a source of coenzymes.

Answer 2

Coenzyme Function

There is a specific location on an enzyme which binds to substrates and helps turn them into products. This location, called the active site, is where coenzymes bind. There are several ways coenzymes assist in enzyme function, including changing their shape to activate, or turn on, enzymes, or aiding in chemical reactions by acting as carriers of energy or molecular groups.

In order to occur, chemical reactions might require or release energy. Remember the First Law of Thermodynamics: energy can neither be created nor destroyed. So, for an enzyme to function, sometimes energy is needed. The cell likes to be efficient in its use of energy; therefore, it tries to capture and reuse energy. One of the ways it does this is through coenzymes.

Let's look at an example. The molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate) can function as a coenzyme. When a phosphate group is removed, turning ATP into ADP (adenosine diphosphate), energy is released. Since many chemical reactions require energy, cells can use ATP to give energy to a reaction to assist in changing the substrate to product. The substrate can be temporarily phosphorylated, or have an added phosphate group. The phosphate group can then be removed and the product is formed partly through the addition and removal of a phosphate.

Coenzymes often have long complicated names and are frequently shortened to acronyms or abbreviations. Coenzymes with shortened names include: NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, and FAD/FADH2. These function similarly to ATP, except instead of a molecular group, they remove or add electrons and hydrogen atoms. Hence, they have two different forms: NAD+ and NADH are the same molecule, except NADH has an added hydrogen. Also, the removal or addition of electrons can change their shape, allowing them to bind or dissociate (be removed) from an enzyme they are helping.