Question

Role of different macronutrients and micronutrients in plants

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

The nutritional health and well-being of humans are entirely dependent on plant foods either directly or indirectly when plants are consumed by animals. Plant foods provide almost all essential vitamins and minerals and a number of other health-promoting phytochemicals. Because micronutrient concentrations are often low in staple crops, research is under way to understand and manipulate synthesis of micronutrients in order to improve crop nutritional quality. Genome sequencing projects are providing novel approaches for identifying plant biosynthetic genes of nutritional importance. The term “nutritional genomics” is used to describe work at the interface of plant biochemistry, genomics, and human nutrition.

Answer 2

NCERT based Answer for Class 11 Biology Students

Functions of various essential elements:  

Nitrogen:

 It is absorbed as nitrates, nitrite and ammonium ion.

 It is particularly required by meristematic tissues and metabolically active cells.

 It is one of the major constituents of proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins and hormones.

Phosphorus: It is a constituent of cell membranes, phospholipids, nucleic acids, nucleotides and is required for all phosphorylation reactions (e.g., ATP cycle).

Potassium:

 Maintains osmotic potential of cell.

 Regulates opening and closing of stomata.

 Maintains turgidity of cell.

Calcium:

 It is used in synthesis of cell wall as calcium pectate in middle lamella.

 It is needed during formation of mitotic spindle.

Magnesium:

 Constituent of ring structure of chlorophyll.

 Maintains ribosome structure (joins subunits of ribosomes during protein synthesis).

 Involved in synthesis of DNA and RNA.  

Sulphur:

 Present in two amino acids: cysteine and methionine.

 Main constituent of coenzymes, vitamins (thiamine, biotin) and ferredoxin.

Iron:

 Important constituent of proteins that involved in transfer of electrons like ferredoxin and cytochromes. It is reversibly oxidized from Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ during electron transfer.

 Essential for formation of chlorophyll.

Manganese: The best defined function of manganese is in the splitting of water to liberate oxygen during photosynthesis.  

Zinc:  

 Activates enzyme carboxylase.

 Required in synthesis of auxin.

Copper: Like iron, it is associated with enzymes involved in redox reactions and is reversibly oxidized from Cu+ to Cu2+.

Boron: It is required for:

 Uptake and utilization of Ca2+.

 Pollen germination.

 Cell elongation and differentiation.

 Carbohydrate translocation.

Molybdenum: It is cofactor of many enzymes including nitrogenase and nitrate reductase which play important role in nitrogen metabolism.  

Chlorine:

 Maintains anion–cation balance in cells.

 Regulates osmotic potential.

 Essential for water splitting reaction in photosynthesis.

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