role of govt/non govt in your locality in disaster management
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role of govt/non govt in your locality in disaster management
Governments have an inherent obligation to provide for the welfare of those who are governed by them. The government is expected to apply its assets to providing relief for those who are affected by the disaster. We expect the government to be familiar with the needs of the people who are affected, the area in which they live, and the resources that are available at the government level.
Governing bodies usually have offices of emergency services or emergency management as well as being connected to other governments of similar size and authority. As such, they have plans in place and can utilize government services without having to go through too many channels in order to access them.
Governments have access to funding that is not necessarily available to other organizations, so they can tap the reserves that are help for emergency situations. They also have a vested interest in restoring services to the affected areas in order to bring them back to full functionality because that is how they must be in order for the government to make money on taxes. If the businesses and the population are unable to pay taxes, the government is without funds for all of its needs. That makes disaster recovery a very high priority if the governing body wants to remain in power. Failure to provide services in a time of critical need makes the government look bad to the governed.
Organizations are not bound by some of the same restrictions as governments are bound. Faith-based groups may focus on the needs of those within the same faith. Some non-governmental organizations may focus on the needs of children, women, or people of a particular cultural heritage in their efforts to provide aid to them. These organizations may exclude others from receiving their aid whereas governments cannot pick and choose with the same freedom.
Organizations are also not bound by some of the restrictions in how the aid is obtained. That is to say that they do not have to operate within the same framework by using only approved providers, waiting for approval from higher levels of authority, or respecting jurisdictional limitations. For example, a city might not be able to direct the efforts of county personnel who answer to the county level authorities. The organization can simply cross over the jurisdictional lines by showing up and going to work.
Organizations are very effective at filling in the gaps that are often left in governmental responses to disasters. They bring in supplemental personnel, materials, and represent an expanded network of responders that may not cost the government money because their work is paid for by donations or other funding processes.
Governments are often bound by their relationships with surrounding governments. For example, the government of one country may not accept aid from another country if it imagines that members of the aid givers may be spies who will report on the weaknesses of the affected state or attempt to sow dissent among the people in the affected area by suggesting that their current government cannot support them adequately or does not even care to do so. There may also be restrictions imposed on responders in terms of where they may or may not be allowed to go and what they may or may not be allowed to do.
Organizations are expected to be neutral about their political views and to provide services for the sake of bringing aid to those in need. There are governments that are very suspicious of organizations for this reason as well. If they suspect that the aid providers will undermine their authority, they will not allow them to enter the affected area.
Governments can be very prideful. They do not want to look weak or unprepared to support their people. This could lead to problems for them later on and so they will posture that they are fine when they could really use some help. The flip side of that is there are governments that would be more than happy to show up on the scene to say that no one can survive without their help and that makes them look good. When Anderson Cooper reported from the airport in Haiti during the early days of the response effort, he mentioned that aircraft were parked on the tarmac in order for people to pose for pictures while people waited for relief.
The people who keep governments in power may expect favored responses to arrive where they want them and when they want them ahead of others in need and it is hard for the government to say no to them because that is the way that favors work. Organizations are not quite as likely to be constrained in the same way, but they may favor one element of society over another in more subtle ways.
It is best when the governments and the organizations are unified in their efforts. Good communication and clearly defined objectives with cross supporting efforts produce the best results.