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Role of knowledge in environment development

Answer 1

     

The Role of Environmental Education for Sustainable Development in Russian Universities

Nikolay Kasimov,Svetlana Malkhazova &Emma Romanova

Pages 24-25 | Published online: 15 Dec 2015

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In this articleAbstractIntroductionThe Reforms in Russian Higher EducationEnvironmental Education in Russian HEThe interdisciplinary approachMulti-level federal and regional approachThe Development of Environmental Education for SustainabilityConclusionReferences

Abstract

This article demonstrates how education for sustainable development has been embedded in environmental education programmes in Russian universities. It outlines the key concepts of education for sustainable development that are taught to students undertaking such environmental courses. The article will be of interest to GEES academics who are looking for ideas of how to embed education for sustainable development within existing GEES programmes in the UK.

Introduction

Following the recommendations of The UN Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio (1992), Russia took the first steps in its transition towards sustainable development. The decree of the President of the Russian Federation (April, 1996) on the “Concept of Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable Development” created the basis for this process. The concept emphasised the necessity of creating a methodological and technological basis for providing the transformations required for sustainable development. However, it is clear that sustainable development cannot be achieved without fundamental changes in science and education in general, and environmental education in particular, which plays a leading and pivotal role in making such changes come about.

The Reforms in Russian Higher Education

The transformation of the economic and political system in Russia over the past decade has promoted new scientific, methodological and organisational approaches towards managing higher education. Such transformations have also played an important and influential role in highlighting the education for sustainable development agenda. For example, the market reforms in the Russian economy and society at the beginning of the 1990s allowed:

the initiation of a new system of multi-level higher education (e.g. that includes bachelors, specialist and master of science programmes) that is characteristic of the educational system in some countries of Western Europe;

the development of private (paid) education, alongside Russia’s public (free) governmentally supported education.

Therefore, within this relatively new system of multi-level higher education in Russia, education for sustainable development has many opportunities for developing and this has already begun (Kasimov, Malkhazova, Romanova and Chalkley, 2002KasimovN. S., MalkhazovaS. M.,RomanovaE. P. and ChalkleyB. S.(2002). Environmental Education in Russian Universities. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 26(2): 149-157[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]).

Environmental Education in Russian HE

Environmental education at university level in modern Russia has four principal roles or spheres which are interconnected and of equal importance. These are:

the propagation of ideas and information about environment protection, conservation and sustainability;

the promotion of civic discourse and the methods by which the public can participate meaningfully in essential community decisions requiring sustainability knowledge;

the development and dissemination of specialised, problem-focused knowledge and resources required to underpin the training of professionals active in environmental careers;

the preparation of elementary and secondary teachers, university-level faculty and wider staff in the field of environmental education.

hope ir helps u (:

Answer 2

knowledge is that things which decorate every thing completely ....but this decoration in such a which prevents every danger events from our environment....