Role of penicillium notatum in discovery of antibiotics.
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Answer:
The serendipitous discovery of penicillin from the filamentous fungus, Penicillium notatum, by Fleming in 1929, and the observation of the broad therapeutic use of this agent in the 1940s, ushered in a new era in medicine and the 'golden age' of antibiotics, which promoted the intensive investigation of nature as a ...
Since the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum, scientists have continued to search for new antibiotics produced by filamentous fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. More recently the potential of fungi as producers of mammalian enzyme inhibitors has been recognized. Fungal statins (Figure 6), which act as competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase, the regulatory and rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis in liver, have been very successful in this regard [30]. The use of statins reduces the risk for coronary artery disease morbidity and death across a broad range of at-risk patients. Statins can nowadays be produced by fermentation, semisynthesis or total chemical synthesis. Compactin, also called mevastatin, was first discovered in 1976 as an antifungal polyketide from Penicillium brevicompactum and, at about the same time, as a specific inhibitor of cholesterolgenesis in Penicillium citrum. Later, the more active methylated form of compactin known as lovastatin was discovered independently at Sankyo and at Merck in fermentation broths of Monascus ruber and Aspergillus terreus, respectively. Lovastatin is produced by fermentation and was FDA-approved in 1987. Pravastatin, launched 2 years after lovastatin, is a more in vivo active and tissue-selective derivative of mevastatin; it is obtained by microbial hydroxylation (biotransformation) from Streptomyces carbophilus. This new statin was first shown to be a minor but potent urinary metabolite during mevastatin experimentation in dogs. A screening for microbial hydrolases followed and a two-step fermentation process was developed, first to produce mevastatin and then to biotransform the drug. Simvastatin is a semisynthetic derivative of lovastatin and was the best-selling drug from 1998 to 2001 before the advent of atorvastatin (Figure 6), which represents a novel generation of synthetic statins quite different in structure from the natural ones but which strongly interact with the target enzyme [30].
Answer:
the antibodies is a form of microbial body which is injected in our body to cure many dieseases and the pencillium is alsi a fungi body that helps to cure dieseases usually the penicillum is a dead and decaying body
Explanation:
the penicillum was discovered by alexzendar Fleming
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