Roles of women and men in household waste management
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Explanation:
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How is equality between women and men relevant
to waste disposal systems?
The management and recycling of solid waste and
sewage is a growing problem in most urban areas
because of concerns related to both public health
and environmental damage.
The effectiveness of waste disposal initiatives can
be improved through the incorporation of an
understanding of gender differences and
inequalities. Waste disposal projects can also
provide support to women (especially if they are
responsible for waste disposal) and ease their
overall work burden through improved family
health. Waste disposal initiatives can also
contribute to gender equality through offering
opportunities for women’s increased employment.
Gender differences and inequalities can affect
various aspects of waste disposal:
Household responsibilities relating to waste
and waste disposal. Given women’s primary
responsibility for cleaning, food preparation,
family health, laundry, and domestic
maintenance, women and men may view
domestic waste and its disposal differently.
They may have different definitions of what is
waste or garbage. They may also manage
waste differently and put different priorities
on its disposal.
Household resources and waste disposal.
Women do not always have equal input into
the allocation of family finances. For
example, although a woman might be willing
to spend scarce household resources on waste
disposal, her spouse may not agree. As well,
women’s heavier workloads mean that they
often have less available time. Thus men and
women can assign different values to time
spent on waste disposal. For example, men
may think that one central disposal point is
sufficient, while women may prefer a greater
number of smaller, yet more accessible
disposal sites.
Views and priorities related to waste
disposal. Given different responsibilities and
resources, women and men may set different
public health priorities and have different
environmental standards. For example, in one
community where undrained storm water
caused problems, the neighbourhood
committee was given a choice between two
types of drainage systems: a sophisticated one
that would take three years to become
operational or a simple one that could be
operational before the next rainy season. The
committee chose the sophisticated one while
the women, consulted separately, would have
preferred the simple system which would
have solved their problems immediately*
.
Participation in community decision-
making about waste disposal. Despite
women’s relatively high involvement at the
local level, men are more likely to have
access to institutions that set priorities and
make decisions regarding municipal
infrastructure. Community consultations
processes often fail to take gender inequalities
into consideration and thus neglect women’s
preferences. Unless explicit measures are
taken to ensure women’s participation, their
priorities, responsibilities and needs will not
be heard.
Employment opportunities in waste
disposal or sewage treatment. In some urban
centres, solid waste management has evolved
into an organized system of collection, trade
and recycling. There is often a marked
division of labour in these various tasks
between women and men (see the example on
the overleaf). With a consideration of the
specific barriers faced by women, waste
disposal initiatives could offer improved
employment possibilities for women.
These broad issues need to be explored in each
situation. In addition to gender differences, other
factors such as age, class, race, or religion will
influence people’s responses to waste and their
ability to participate in initiatives. For example,
daughters may view waste recycling differently
than sons (given their responsibilities for different
household tasks). A woman from a wealthy
household may be able to pay for a private
sewage treatment system that is not an option for
a poorer woman. Participatory approaches can
assist in both the understanding of gender equality
dynamics and the design of gender-sensitive
interventions.
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