Rulers of the Arab Empire and Capital
prophet muhammad
caliphs
umayyad dynasty
abbasids
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After Muhammad 's death in 632 CE, his friend Abu Bakr was named caliph and ruler of the Islamic community, or Ummah. ... The Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) was led by Abu Bakr, then by Umar ibn Khattab as the second caliph, Uthman Ibn Affan as the third caliph, and Ali as the fourth caliph.
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