rules for converting direct speech into indirect speech
Answers
Answer:
The rules for direct speech into indirect speech are:-
Explanation:
Rule 1 – Direct To Indirect Speech Conversion – Reporting Verb
When the reporting verb of direct speech is in past tense then all the present tenses are changed to the corresponding past tense in indirect speech.
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct : She said, ‘I am happy’.
Indirect : She said (that) she was happy.
In indirect speech, tenses do not change if the words used within the quotes (‘’) talk of a habitual action or universal truth.
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct: He said, ‘We cannot live without air’.
Indirect: He said that we cannot live without air.
The tenses of direct speech do not change if the reporting verb is in the future tense or present tense.
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct: She says/will say, ‘I am going’
Indirect: She says/will say she is going.
Rule 2 – Direct Speech to Indirect Speech conversion – Present Tense
Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect.
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct: “I have been to Boston”, she told me.
Indirect: She told me that she had been to Boston.
Present Continuous Changes to Past Continuous
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct: “I am playing the guitar”, she explained.
Indirect: She explained that she was playing the guitar.
Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct: He said, “She has finished her homework“.
Indirect: He said that she had finished her homework.
Simple Present Changes to Simple Past
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct: “I am unwell”, she said.
Indirect: She said that she was unwell.
Rule 3 – Direct Speech to Indirect Speech conversion – Past Tense & Future Tense
Simple Past Changes to Past Perfect
Direct to indirect speech example:
Direct: She said, “Irvin arrived on Sunday.”
Indirect: She said that Irvin had arrived on Sunday.
Past Continuous Changes to Past Perfect Continuous
Direct to indirect speech example
Direct: “We were playing basketball”, they told me.
Indirect: They told me that they had been playing basketball.
Future Changes to Present Conditional
Direct to indirect speech example
Direct: She said, “I will be in Scotland tomorrow.”
Indirect: She said that she would be in Scotland the next day.
Future Continuous Changes to Conditional Continuous
Answer:
a. present Indefinite will be past Indefinite.
b. present continuous will be past continuous.
c. present perfect continuous will be past perfect continuous
d. past continuous will be past perfect continuous.
e. Future (shall/will) becomes future (should/would)