rules for reported speech.......
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Tenses
The past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses do not change.
Rules Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present Changes
To
Simple Past "I always drink coffee", she said She said that she always drank coffee.
Present Continuous Changes
To
Past Continuous "I am reading a book", he explained. He explained that he was reading a book
Present Perfect Changes
To
Past Perfect She said, "He has finished his work" She said that he had finished his work.
Present Perfect Continuous Changes
To
Past Perfect Continuous "I have been to Spain", he told me. He told me that he had been to Spain.
Simple Past Changes
To
Past Perfect "Bill arrived on Saturday", he said. He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday
Past Perfect Changes
To
Past Perfect (No Change In Tense) "I had just turned out the light," he explained. He explained that he had just turned out the light.
Past Continuous Changes
To
Past Perfect Continuous "We were living in Paris", they told me. They told me that they had been living in Paris.
Future Changes
To
Present Conditional "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.
Future Continuous Changes
To
Conditional Continuous She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday." She said that she would be using the car next Friday.
The past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses do not change.
Rules Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present Changes
To
Simple Past "I always drink coffee", she said She said that she always drank coffee.
Present Continuous Changes
To
Past Continuous "I am reading a book", he explained. He explained that he was reading a book
Present Perfect Changes
To
Past Perfect She said, "He has finished his work" She said that he had finished his work.
Present Perfect Continuous Changes
To
Past Perfect Continuous "I have been to Spain", he told me. He told me that he had been to Spain.
Simple Past Changes
To
Past Perfect "Bill arrived on Saturday", he said. He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday
Past Perfect Changes
To
Past Perfect (No Change In Tense) "I had just turned out the light," he explained. He explained that he had just turned out the light.
Past Continuous Changes
To
Past Perfect Continuous "We were living in Paris", they told me. They told me that they had been living in Paris.
Future Changes
To
Present Conditional "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.
Future Continuous Changes
To
Conditional Continuous She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday." She said that she would be using the car next Friday.
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