Question

rules of direct indirect speech

Answer 1

Explanation:

Direct and Indirect Speech Rules

 

Below, we are sharing the rules to make changes from Direct to Indirect speech. The changes of Direct and Indirect speech depend on some factors like modals, reporting verb, place, time, tense, pronoun etc. You can check the complete information of changes in Direct and Indirect speech.

 

1 Direct Speech

2 Indirect Speech

1 is for direct speech

2 is for in direct speech

1 Can

2 Could

1 May

2 Might

1 Must

2 Had to/ Would have to

1 Should

2 Should

1 Might

2 Might

1 Could

2 Could

1 Would

2 Would

1 Ought to

2 Ought to

 

 

Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises for Modals:

Look to the Direct and Indirect Speech examples with answers using modals.

He said, “I can cook food.”

         He said that he could cook food.

They said, “We may go to Canada.”

          They said that they might go to Canada.

She said, “I must finish the work on time.”

          She said that she had to finish the work on time.

 

Modals that remain unchanged are: Should, might, could, would, ought to.

Kanika said, “I ought to avoid junk food.”

         Kanika said that she ought to avoid junk food.

i hope it will help you

Answer 2

The rules are as follows;

1. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the reported speech undergoes a change.
2. However, if the reporting verb is in the future or present tense, details of the reported verb remains unaffected.
3. In the indirect speech the reporting verb is joined with the reported speech with help of 'that' if this sentence reported is an assertive or exclamatory inform.
4. With 'if/weather' in the case of a reported sentence being a close ended (yes/no answer typed) question and the given 'wh-word' if the reported question begins with any of the 9 WH words- what which who whom whose when where why how.
5. In case this sentence to be reported as an imperative sentence, it is linked to the reporting verb with the help of 'to-infinite' verb.
6. Sentence reporting a situation or proposal are also joined with the reporting verb with help of 'that'.
7. No inverted commas, question marks or exclamation marks are used in the indirect speech.
8. An indirect speech sentence always assume the exerted structured and ends in a full stop.
9. Thus the reported speech requires for major changes- change of pronouns, change of tense, change of form of sentence and the use of appropriate connector.
10. In the case of universal truth, general facts, historical facts or proverbs, tense in the indirect speech remains the same as that of direct speech.
11. Some reporting verbs used frequently are- told for statements, asked for questions, 'requested, commanded, ordered' etc for imperative sentences; 'suggested, promised, replied, bagged, exclaimed, wished etc' for exclamatory sentences.
12. Adverbs like'today, now, here, this, these' are changed into 'that day, then, there, that, those' respectively.
13. Modals 'will, can, may, must/have to' are changed into' would, could, might,had to' respectively.
14. Indentify the speakers and the listeners in the conversation for the pronounce in reported speech are changed according to them.

• First pronoun: according to the speaker of the reporting verb.
• Second pronoun: according to the listener of the reporting verb.
• Third pronoun: remains unchanged

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