Question

rural urban movement of people has no effect on total population​

Answer 1

Explanation:

nbsp;Rural to Urban migrations are caused by a variety of factors. In nutshell major factors of migration are 1–Marriage, 2–Employment, 3–Education and 4–Lack of Security. Urban centers provide vast scope for employment in various sectors and also offer modem facilities of life.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Socially optimal city sizes

Is the city size generated by the rural–urban migration equilibrium efficient, maximizing social welfare? To answer this question in the present context, the natural welfare function is the value of the economy's output minus resource costs. Since capital inputs are fixed in the previous models, capital costs can be disregarded in characterizing the social optimum, with the only resource cost being the commuting cost incurred by urban residents. Aggregate commuting cost is given by , where q(x,N) is land consumption at distance x from the urban center and 1/q(x,N) equals population density. N is an argument of q because individual land consumption is in general a decreasing function of the city's population, as shown by Wheaton (1974).13 The integral weights population density by the land area of the ring of land at distance x (equal to 2πxdx) to get the ring population and then multiplies it by tx, the commuting cost of each ring resident, with the result summed across all locations in the city.