russian revolution brought in many changes in their society. what were they and what challenges did they face ?
Answers
1.USSR under the leadership of Stalin tried to end small peasant production by forcing all small and large farmers to surrender their lands and Join ‘Collective Farms’. The idea was to shift from small holding farming to large scale farming.
2.All industries were owned by the state which did not allow free market and sold the industrial products to the consumers directly.
3.Russia achieved full employment for all its citizens. Literacy and primary education was universalized
II. Challenges faced by Russia:
1.Russia was at World War-I in 1917 with Germany.
2.The Russia economy was in shambles.
3.The British, French and US refused to recognize their government
4.Cheap public health care, low standards of living, resistances were some of the challenges faced by Russia.
Answer:
Tsarist Russia was a vast land mass spread over two continents and making it a Euro-Asian power. It had the third largest population in the world.
Tsar Nicholas –II ruled over this vast Russian empire like any autocrat with the help of the army and bureaucracy.
On March 8th 1917 around 10,000 women of the capital, St. Petersburg took out a procession demanding ‘peace and bread’. It was called March Revolution.
The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). The soviets under the Bolsheviks leadership seized power in November 1917. Full peace could not return to Russian because there started a civil war led by pro-Tsar white armies.
In 1924, Stalin emerged as the leader of the communist party. USSR began a planned economic development with its five year plans in 1928.
The great depression began around the end of 1929. It caused massive unemployment and decline of real incomes of across the world, except for the USSR.
Roosevelt, the president of US announced “The New Deal” which promised relief to the victims of depression reform to financial institutions.
By 1932, Nazi party had become the largest party in Germany. Hitler mobilised his supporters on the promise of establishing the racial supremacy of Aryan Germans over the world.
The first half of the 20th century ended with the nightmare of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and with the hopes generated by the funding of the UNO.
Two new super powers emerged on the world scene, the USSR and the USA.