Rutherford gold foil experiment
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Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment proved the existance of a small massive center to atoms, which would later be known as the nucleus of an atom. Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden carried out their Gold Foil Experiment to observe the effect of alpha particles on matter.
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Rutherford passed α-rays through the gold foil to observe the behaviour.
After passing 20,000 rays(α-rays) only one ray deflected back, many passed through the atom without any deflection ,some others undergone deflection with an angle more than 90 degrees at some places with some angle which indicated the presence of charged particles called electrons.
He observed that atoms contain lots of space in it,Rutherford discovered that an atom has a nucleus,all the mass is concentrated at the center of the atom. Protons(positively charged particles) are present in nucleus and electrons revolve around the nucleus like planets around sun . So this model was called as planetary model of an atom.