rutherford's atomic model
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Explanation:
Ernest Rutherford designed this experiment to know the arrangements of electrons in an atom. In this experiment fast moving alpha particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil
He selected a gold foil because he wanted a thin athin layer as possible
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Answer :
Rutherford's Atomic Model -
- Rutherford proposed the nuclear atom of model after alpha particle scattering experiment.
- In this experiment, energetic alpha particles from a radioactive source was directed at a thin foil of gold.
- Around the gold foil, a fluorescent zinc sulphide screen was placed, to observe the the position of particles after striking this screen.
- Rutherford predicted that the particles would slow down and change directions by small angles as they pass through the gold foil.
- The results were different from what Rutherford predicted.
- The results of alpha particle scattering experiments are :
- Most of the alpha particles pass through the gold foil undeflected.
- Some of the alpha particles deflected by small angles.
- Very few alpha particles bounced back and deflected by large angle nearly 180 degree.
- Rutherford concluded that :
- Most of the space in the atom is empty because alpha particles passed through the foil undeflected.
- There is a small volume of positive charge inside the atom because of which alpha particles scattered by small angles.
- The volume occupied by the nucleus is is very small because of which only few particles scattered by large angles.
- These observations made through the results ofof the alpha particle scattering experiment helped Rutherford to propose nuclear model of atom.
According to him :
- The positively charged nucleus is densely concentrated at a very small volume.
- The nucleus is surrounded by electrons which move around it in in circular path is called orbits.
- The electrons and nucleus are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction.
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