ᴇᴀᴛʜ ᴅᴏᴇs ɴᴏᴛ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴀ ᴘᴇʀғᴇᴄᴛ sᴘʜᴇʀɪᴄᴀʟ sʜᴀᴘᴇ. ᴡʜʏ?
Answers
Answer:
This is mainly due to rotation of the earth.The Earth’s rotation creates an outward force that is highest at the equator and zero at the poles. Since the Earth is not perfectly solid throughout, this force results in the Earth being ‘squashed’ into a slightly flattened sphere.
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The primary reason that the Earth is not closer to being a perfect sphere is that it is spinning. Spinning generates a centripetal, outward force on the matter making up the Earth, and that force is stronger further away from the axis of spin, so the Earth bulges a bit near the equator.
There is some evidence that the Earth bulges a bit more in the Southern hemisphere and less in the northern. If so, that and any other significant irregularities appear to be due to the fact that the Earth’s mass is not evenly distributed inside the planet.
There are two other effects to consider. One is that we must make an arbitrary choice regarding the surface of the earth that we are measuring. Is it the end of liquid water and solid land? Is it the end of liquid water as if there were no land, that is, sea level around the Earth? Or is it a certain density of atmosphere, as atmosphere slowly fades to zero pressure?
The last point to consider is that all of these are always changing. Tides from the moon, sun, and other planets lift and lower the oceans. Wind stirs up waves. Mountains rise and erode. The outer atmosphere is blown by solar wind.
The Earth is constantly changing shape as it is real, an object in the universe. It cannot be a perfect sphere, for perfect geometrical shapes exist only in mathematics, not in reality.