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➜what is scattering of light? Explain with the help of an example.
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Answers
The phenomenon of change in the direction of propagation of light caused by the large number of particles present in the atmosphere is called scattering of light. Example : The path of beam of light becomes visible through a colloidal solution due to scattering of light.
In 1911, a British physicist Lord Ernest Rutherford, performed a scattering experiment to describe the structure of an atom. In his experiment, he bombarded a thin sheet of gold foil (0.00004 cm thick) with fast moving positively charged particles called alpha particles (a.). Alpha particles are formed by the removal of electrons from helium and are thus positively charged.
Rutherford observed that:
Most of the a-particles passed straight through the gold foil without any deflection, which meant that there was a lot of empty space in an atom.
A few a-particles were deflected through small angles, which meant that there was
a positively charged region present in the atom that caused deflection/Rutherford
called this positively charged region as the nucleus of the atom.)
Very few a particles were deflected through large angles or bounced back, which meant that the nucleus is centrally located, dense and occupies a very small space in the atom. The a-particles that directly hit the nucleus bounced back.
Since a particles which were comparatively denser were deflected by the nucleus, Rutherford concluded that almost the whole mass of the atom must be present in the nucleus.
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