"sam manekshaw" chapter notes
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Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw
Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, (4 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), widely known as Sam Manekshaw and Sam Bahadur, was the Chief of the Army Staff
of the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, and the first Indian Army officer to be promoted to the rank of field Marshal.
life of Sam Maneskshaw:
Sam Manekshaw was born in Amritsar on 14 April 1914 to Hormizd Manekshaw and his wife Hilla. Hormizd Manekshaw was a doctor who ran a thriving clinic and pharmacy in the centre of Amritsar. The couple had six children (four sons and two daughters) with Sam being the fifth child and third son.
Yearning to be a doctor like his father, Sam asked his father to send him to London to study medicine. His father refused on the basis that Sam was not old enough and that two of his brothers studying engineering in London were already supported by Hormizd.
Instead, Manekshaw entered the Hindu Sabha College (now the Hindu College, Amritsar), and in April 1932 sat his final exams held by the University of Punjab, passing with a third division in science.
It was at this that the Indian Military College Committee, set up in 1931 recommended the establishment of a military academy to train Indians for officer commissions in the army. The candidates for the academy would be selected for a three-year course based on an examination conducted by the Public Service Commission. When the notice for the examination was floated, Sam Manekshaw, in an act of rebellion against his father’s refusal, applied for a place and sat the entrance exams in Delhi. On 1 October 1932, he was one of the fifteen cadets to be selected through open competition.
Military Career of Sam Manekshaw:
Upon Sam Manekshaw’s commissioning on February 4, 1935, he was posted to the 2nd Battalion, Royal Scots as it was standard practice to be posted in a British unit before being sent to an Indian unit. He was later posted to the 12th Frontier Force Regiment stationed in Burma where he was appointed as the quartermaster of his company in May 1938.
The future Field Marshal would see action in Burma upon the outbreak of World War 2. He would serve with distinction during the Bruma campaign of 1942 earning the highest decoration offered to commonwealth soldiers, the Military Cross.
Upon the Partition of India, Sam Manekshaw’s unit,12th Frontier Force Regiment, became part of the Pakistan Army, so he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles.
Before he moved to his new appointment as the commanding officer of the 3rd Battalion, 5 Gorkha Rifles, Pakistani forces infiltrated Kashmir on 22 October, capturing Domel and Muzaffarabad.
At the time of the signing of the Instrument of Accession (signed on October 26, 1947) by the Maharaja of Kashmir, Sam Maneekshaw was carrying out aerial surveillance on the approaching Pakistani Army. It was he who suggested that the Indian Army be airlifted into Kashmir to prevent its capture.
In 1957, he was sent to the Imperial Defence College, London, to attend a higher command course for one year. On his return, he was appointed the General Officer Commanding (GOC) 26th Infantry Division on 20 December 1957, with the acting rank of major general.
Manekshaw was promoted to substantive major general on 1 March 1959.
Manekshaw died of complications from pneumonia at the Military Hospital in Wellington, Tamil Nadu.
Annually, on 16 December, Vijay Diwas is celebrated in memory of the victory achieved under Manekshaw’s leadership in 1971.
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