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Guru Nanak used music to take his message of peace and harmony to the masses
As the founder of the Sikh faith, and as a guru who attained self-realisation, Guru Nanak’s extraordinary musicianship often gets forgotten. He was a musician par excellence and used music to convey the most sublime teaching. His way was followed by all the nine Gurus who succeeded him, all of whom articulated their teachings in a raga. Leading kirtankar Bhai Manohar Singh, grandson of the erudite Bhai Santa Singh and son of the universally popular Bhai Mangal Singh opines, “Guru sahib perhaps felt that dry teaching may not have such a universal appeal so he added the music to make it more popular. This great tradition was carried on for nearly 250 years, a truly unique history. One can compare the “thaali” Guru sahib gave us as being the music (sangeet), the food on the thaali was his “bani” (his sayings); one cannot separate music from the Guru’s teachings.”
Following the tradition of the time, handed down since the Vedic times, the “mool mantra” of Guru Nanak, “Japji” comprising 38 verses was never to be sung, only recited, as per the Vedic tradition. Everything else that he composed, including his description of Heaven that he experienced during his Self Realisation (“sodar” in raga Asa), was set in ragas.
Guru Nanak’s entire teaching recorded in the Guru Granth Sahib is in 19 authentic ragas. These are, by and large, known and are popular even today, including Shri, Bhairav, Basant, Tilang, Bilawal, Sarang, Ramkali, Gurjari, Gauri, Manjh. Of course, one cannot be certain the ragas, as we know them today, were rendered in the same form then, some 500 years ago, as the Guru Granth neither gives note notation, nor the ‘tala’ in which they were to be sung. Dhanashri, we are told, is a raga that is depicted differently today. Some ragas including Tukhari and Vadhans are considered rare today, raga Asa is confined, by and large, to musicians with a Punjab connection. Sadly, the tradition of singing Gurmukh kirtan initiated by him