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Sarojini Naidu (née Chattopadhyay; 13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949)[1] was an Indian political activist and poet. A proponent of civil rights, women's emancipation, and anti-imperialistic ideas, she was an important figure in India's struggle for independence from colonial rule. Naidu's work as a poetess earned her the sobriquet 'the Nightingale of India', or 'Bharat Kokila' by Mahatma Gandhi because of colour, imagery and lyrical quality of her poetry.[2]
Sarojini Naidu
Sarojini Naidu 1964 stamp of India.jpg
Naidu on a 1964 stamp of India
1st Governor of United Provinces
In office
15 August 1947 – 2 March 1949
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Hormasji Peroshaw Mody
President of Indian National Congress
In office
1925–1926
Preceded by
Mahatma Gandhi
Succeeded by
S. Srinivasa Iyengar
Personal details
Born
Sarojini Chattopadhyay
13 February 1879
Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British India (now in Telangana, India)
Died
2 March 1949 (aged 70)
Lucknow, United Provinces, Dominion of India
Nationality
Indian
Political party
Indian National Congress
Spouse(s)
Govindarajulu Naidu (1898–1949)
Children
5; including Padmaja
Relatives
Virendranath (brother)Harindranath (brother)Suhasini (sister)
Alma mater
University of Madras
King's College London
Girton College, Cambridge
Occupation
Political activist, poet-writer
Nickname(s)
Bharat ni bulbul
Writing career
Language
English
Subject
Indian nationalism
Notable works
Golden Threshold; In the Bazaars of Hyderabad
Signature
Born in a Bengali family in Hyderabad, Naidu was educated in Madras, London and Cambridge. Following her time in England, where she worked as a suffragist, she was drawn to Indian National Congress' movement for India's independence from British rule. She became a part of the Indian nationalist movement and became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and his idea of swaraj. She was appointed as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925 and later became the Governor of the United Provinces in 1947, becoming the first woman to hold the office of Governor in the Dominion of India.
Naidu's poetry includes both children's poems and others written on more serious themes including patriotism, romance, and tragedy. Published in 1912, "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" remains one of her most popular poems. She married Govindarajulu Naidu, a general physician, and had five children with him. She died of a cardiac arrest on 2 March 1949.