schematically explain the process of digestion in human elementary cannal
Answers
Digestion includes a complex combination of mechanical and chemical processes. Some of the activities in the process include ingestion and propulsion of food, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.
Digestion in the Oral Cavity
When food is taken in through the mouth, chewing and mixing of the food occurs. There is also a chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, due to the action of saliva from the salivary glands. 30% of the starch is hydrolyzed by the action of amylase, which is a salivary enzyme. The other enzyme, lysozyme is an antibacterial agent that prevents infections.
Starch + Salivary amylase → Maltose
Mastication of food and swallowing of food are the important activities that take place here in the oral cavity. Food is broken down into smaller particles by the chewing action of teeth. As saliva is added, it mixes with the food particles, slowly moistening and lubricating the food. This small ball is called a bolus, which is then swallowed. The pharynx helps in the movement of the bolus into the oesophagus, from where it moves to the stomach through the peristaltic movements of the oesophagus.
Gastric juices and enzymes:
HCl provides the acidic pH.
Pepsinogen(proenzyme) is converted into Pepsin by HCl
Pepsin, in turn, converts protein into peptones & proteoses.
Prorenin (proenzyme) is converted into Renin by HCl.
Casein (milk protein) is converted into peptides by Renin.
After the action of the gastric juices and enzymes, food then enters the small intestine.
Digestion in the Small Intestine
In the small intestine, further digestion takes place. Due to the various movements of this organ, the chyme is further mixed and churned. There are many enzymes that are secreted into the small intestine from organs such as pancreas, liver; apart from the intestinal juices. All these react with the food particles and digest them into smaller particles that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Digestion in the Large Intestine
In the large intestine, the digestion activity is significantly less. Here, bacterial action on the leftover food particles occurs. Minerals, water, and certain drugs are absorbed in the large intestine. The mucus secreted by the large intestine helps in holding the waste particles, apart from lubricating it.
Any undigested and unabsorbed waste particles called as the faecal matter, are then passed to the rectum, from where it is eliminated through the anus.
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our digestion is start in our mouth is called mastication.In mouth the starch is digestThan it travels in the esophageal by the wave like movement and goes into the stomach. Where the HCl and Pepsin act onit and the protein is digest. Now it will move toward the small intestine where the bill juice created by liver is digest the fats and the vile will absorb the mineral. Than it goes into the large intestine where the water will absorb. Thus the digestion is complete.....
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