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.•♫•♬•Science lover read what NASA Said•♬•♫•.
In September 2015, cosmonaut Gennady Padalka arrived back on Earth for the last time. He had just completed his sixth mission in space and broke the record for most cumulative time spent beyond Earth’s atmosphere—879 days. And because of these two-and-a-half years spent orbiting the planet at high speeds, Padalka also became a time traveler, experiencing Einstein’s theory of general Relativity in action.
“When Mr. Padalka came back from his adventures, he found the Earth to be 1/44th of a second to the future of where he expected it to be,” explains J. Richard Gott, Princeton physicist and author of the 2001 book Time Travel in Einstein’s Universe, “He literally traveled...into the future.”

While being a fraction of a second younger than if he had stayed on Earth isn't mind-bending stuff, it nonetheless gave Padalka, the distinction as the “current time traveler record,” according to Gott.

Although not exactly a plutonium-charged DeLorean, time travel is anything but fiction. Real astrophysicists like Gott are pretty sure they know how to build a time machine, and intense speed—much, much faster than Padalka’s orbital jaunt—is the key ingredient.

A Time Travel Crash Course

Until the 20th century, time was believed to be completely immutable and time travel a scientific impossibility. In the 1680s, Sir Isaac Newton’s thought time progressed at a consistent pace throughout the universe, regardless of outside forces or location. And for two centuries, the scientific world subscribed to Newton’s theory.

Until 26-year-old Albert Einstein came along.

In 1905, Einstein revealed his ideas on special relativity, using this framework for his theory of general relativity a decade later. Einstein’s universe-defining calculations introduced, well, lots of things, but also some concepts related to time. The most important being that time is elastic and dependent on speed, slowing down or speeding up depending on how fast an object—or person— is moving.

In 1971, four cesium beam atomic clocks flew around the world and were then compared to ground-based clocks. The resulting minuscule time difference proved that Einstein was onto something. There's also another technology, tucked inside your smartphone, that also validates Einstein's theory

“WITHOUT EINSTEIN’S GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVELY, OUR GPS SYSTEM WOULDN’T BE WORKING.”

“Without Einstein’s general theory of relatively, our GPS system wouldn’t be working,” says Ron Mallet, an astrophysicist and author of the book Time Traveler: A Scientist's Personal Mission to Make Time Travel a Reality. “That’s also proof that Einstein's [theories are] correct."

But apart from this mutable version of time, Einstein also calculated the speed of light. At 300,000,000 meters (or 186,282 miles) per second, Einstein describes the figure as the “ultimate speed limit” and a universal constant no matter if one is sitting on a bench or traveling in a rocket ship.

The last bit of Einstein’s time-bending ideas suggest that gravity also slows time, meaning time runs faster where gravity is weaker like the vast emptiness among massive celestial bodies like the Sun, Jupiter, and Earth.

Fast forward a century later, and all of these theories—highly summarized, of course—now form the building blocks of astrophysics, and buried among all this expert-level math, Einstein also proved that time travel was possible

The Subatomic Time Machine

JAMES BRITTAINGETTY IMAGES
In fact, not only is time travel possible, it’s already happened—it just doesn’t look like your typical sci-fi film.

Returning to our time-traveling cosmonaut Padalka, his 1/44-second jump into the future is so minuscule because he was only traveling 17,000 miles per hour. That isn’t very fast, at least in comparison to the speed of light. But what would happen if we created something that could go much faster than geostationary orbit? We are not talking a commercial jetliner (550 to 600 miles an hour) or a 21st century rocket to the ISS (25,000 miles per hour), but something that could approach 186,282 miles per second?

“On a subatomic level, it’s been done,” says Mallett. “An example is...the Large Hadron Collider. It routinely sends subatomic particles into the future.”​

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