Question

Scientists in industry work to maximize the yield of reactions and maximize profits. However, under experimental conditions and especially in large-scale processes, many factors result in a reduced yield of products. For example, in the manufacture of phosphoric acid, molten elemental phosphorus is oxidized and then hydrated using excess water according to the following equation: P4 (l) + 5O2 (g) + 6H2O (l) ⎯→ 4H3PO4 (aq) By using your knowledge in chemistry, demonstrate the difference between the limiting reagent, excess reagent, and theoretical yield by referring to the above equation. Propose any relevant calculation to support your answer. Hence, explain on the possible factors that could affect the yield of products.

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