Question

Scope and importance of biotechnology in crop improvement

Answer 1

Plant biotechnology involves breeding to improve plants for various reason such as increasing yield and quality, heat and drought resistance, resistance to phytopathogens, herbicide and insect resistance, increasing biomass for biofuel production, and enhancing the nutritional quality of the crops. This chapter presents a brief history of breeding, disadvantages of conventional breeding while advantages of non-conventional breeding techniques such as molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques and molecular farming. Tissue culture, as a form of large-scale plant micropropagation and its advantages along with the future of breeding program based on high throughput sequencing platform called genomic assisted molecular farming have been also discussed.

Answer 2

Biotechnology is defined as the area of biology which is technological application in the living systems.

Explanation:

Biotechnology has wide range of application in the field of agriculture. Biotechnology uses several scientific tools and techniques in agriculture in order to imrove the productivity of crops including mutagenesis, genetic engineering, molecular diagnostics, tissue culture, molecular markers, and vaccines.

Following are various application f biotechnology in crop improvement:

1. Mutagenesis: Mutations in any organism's DNA may occur at random. Mutation within plants are induced to generate variation inside crops. radioactive elements are used in mutagenesis on the desired trait to cause random mutations. To generate random mutations within the DNA, scientists may use mutating chemicals such as ethyl methanesulfonate or radioactivity.
2. Genetic Engineering: The process used to produce genetically modified organism or plants in which one piece of DNA from on eplant is isolated and introduced in the another organism's DNA. this provides new variety of crops.
3. Genome editing: This is the technique use to produce an enzyme system to modify the DNA and helps the crop to get resitant from speciifc pathogens.
4. Polyploidy: Polyploidy is used to mdify the number of chromosomes which further imflunec the size and fertility of crop.
5. Tissue Culture: This is a technique in which plants are grown from a small part of plants in labs under specific environmental condition that provides high productivity and healthy crops.

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