Search and write a detail biography of Imam Al-Shafe'I by explaining his features of personality, his prominence in scholarly field, and his message as a scholar in the advancement of the society.
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Answer:
1. His Name, Background and Family:
Imam’s full name is Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Idris Al-Shafi’ee ibn Al-Abbas ibn Uthman ibn Syafie bin Ubaid ibn Abdu Yazid ibn Hasyim ibn Al-Muttalib [father of Abdul Muttalib grandfather of the Prophet (S.A.W.)] bin Abd Manaf. He is the Only Imam who is related to Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) as he belonged to Qurayshi tribe of Banu Muttalib, which was the sister tribe of the Banu Hashim [tribe of Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.)].
2. His Early Life and Early Education:
Imam Shafi'ee was born in the year 150 AH (767 AC) in Ghaza, Palestine. It was the same year in which the Great Imam Abu Hanifah had passed away. He lost his father during infancy and was raised by his mother under very poor circumstances. Fearing the waste of his son’s lineage, his mother decided to move to Mecca where their relatives lived
3. His Journey to Seek Knowledge:
His early education was marked by poverty because of which his mother could not afford to pay the fees for his education.
The Imam himself used to say:
"After I finished learning the Quran, I would go to the Mosque and sit with the Scholars the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and Islamic matters. I used to live in Makkah among tent dwellers in such a state of poverty that I could not even afford to by paper to write, so I would write on stones and bones instead."
4. Him and Imam Maalik:
At the age of fifteen or eighteen, his teacher gave Al-Shafi’ee permission to issue judicial decisions (fatwas). While still studying in Makkah, Aa-Shafi'ee heard of the renowned scholar of Madinah, Imam Maalik Ibn Anas. He wanted to become a student of Imam Maalik yet he saw with his sharp intellect that he should not go to him unprepared. He memorized Imam Malik's famous book "Al Muwatta" in only nine days. The Imam had an astonishing physiognomy and a penetrating insight; he told him:
"My son! By the Will of Allaah, you will have a great future. Tomorrow come to me and bring with you someone who could read the ‘Muwatta' well as I fear you would not be able to read it by yourself."
Al-Shafi'ee responded with the same politeness
"Imam, I will read it myself from memory without a book."
For a period of nine years, Al-Shafi’ee remained in Madinah until Malik’s death in the year 179 AH (790 AC).
5. Coming back to Makkah:
After the death of Imam Malik, Imam Al-Shafi’ee returned to Makkah with a great load of knowledge which had influenced his life.
6. His Marriage:
In Makkah he was wedded to ‘Hamidah Bint Naafi', granddaughter of third Caliph 'Uthman Ibn Afaan (R.A). He had three children, two sons Abu Uthman and Abul Hasan and a daughter Fatima.
7. His Persecution:
The governor of Yemen, while paying a visit to Makkah, met Al-Shafi’ee, discerned his unique abilities, and offered him an administrative post in Yemen but like his predecessor Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi’ee also suffered Political persecution and intrigues, but thankfully, unlike Imam Abu Hanifa, he was not subjected to torture.
Imam Shafi’ee was arrested and charged with the offense of political interference in Yemen. The Caliph of that time, Haroon-al-Rasheed examined him and found him to be innocent of all charges and discharged him with honour.
8. His Teachers: Imam Shafi’ee learned from the scholars in various places such as Makkah, Madinah, Kufa, Basrah, Yemen, Syria and Egypt. Following are some prominent scholars who had teached Al-Shafi’ee:
1. Muslim bin Khalid Al-Zangi (in Makkah)
2. Sufyaan bin Uyainah Al-Hilaali (in Makkah)
3. Ibrahim bin Yahya (in Madinah)
4. Imam Maalik bin Anas (in Madinah)
5. Wakee bin Al-Jarraah bin Maleeh Al-Kofi (in Kufa)
6. Muhammad bin Hasan Al-Shaibaani (in Basrah)
7. Hammaad bin Usama Al-Haashimi Al-Kofi (in Kufa)
8. Abdul-Wahhab bin Abdul-Majeed al-Busri (in Basrah)
9. His Students: Al-Shafi’ee had a lot of talented students, some of whom become prominent masters. Among his best students are:
1. Imam Abu Yaqub Al-Buwayṭi
2. Abu Ibrahim Isma'il ibn Yahya Al-Muzani
3. Rabi bin Sulayman Al-Muradi
4. Abu Ali Al-Karabisi
5. Ibrahim bin Khalid Abu ThawrH
6. He also met Imam Ahmad bin HambaI and took mutual knowledge between the two.
10. His Writings and Books:
He authored more than 100 books. Some of which are as follows:
1. Kitab al-Umm
2. Al-Risalah
3. Ikhtilaf Al-Hadith
4. Al-Imla
5. Ikhtilaf Al-Iraqiyani
6. Jima Al-Ilm
11. His last days and death:
Imam Al-Shafi’ee remained to follow his daily routine until illness forced him to retire and stop teaching. In his last days before his death, Imam said:
"I feel that I am traveling away from this world, away from the brothers, drinking from the cup of death, and approaching Allah the Glorious. By Allah I do not know if my soul will go to heaven so that I may congratulate it, or to hell so that I may lament."
12. His Burial Place:
Imam Al-Shafi’ee was buried in the vault of the Banu Abd Al-Hakam at the foot of Muqattam Hills in Cairo, Egypt.
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