SECTION:C
16.
What is permanent tissue? Classified permanent tissue and describe them?
Answers
Answer:
In simple words, the permanent tissues in a plant are those tissues that contain nondividing cells. The cells are also modified to perform specific functions in the plants. The cells of the permanent tissue are derived from the meristematic tissue.
The permanent tissue cells are also fully differentiated. The cells are large and a definite shape and size. You can see intercellular spaces being present in between the cells. Large vacuoles are also present inside these cells. The metabolism that occurs in the cells of the permanent tissue is fairly at a lower rate.
The permanent tissue in plants mainly helps in providing support, protection as well as in photosynthesis and conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients. Permanent tissue cells may be living or dead.
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The tissues that are completely grown and have lost the ability of division are known as permanent tissues. The meristematic tissues divide and differentiate to form the permanent tissues
Explanation:
Simple Permanent Tissue
These are also known as homogenous tissues. They are made up of a single cell type, usually with the same origin, structure, and function.
Simple permanent tissue is further classified into three types:
Parenchyma
The cells have an oval or round shape.
The cell wall is made up of hemicellulose or cellulose.
The cell is thin-walled.
The cells have vacuoles and very small nucleus.
It is found in all parts of the plant.
The protoplasm is living and dense.
Collenchyma
Cells are long and thick-walled.
The cell wall is made up of cellulose and pectin.
It is the only tissue with the highest refractive index due to the presence of pectin.
It is found in the epidermis and the vascular bundle of dicot leaf.
The amount of chloroplast is less in the cells.
The cells have no intercellular spaces.
Sclerenchyma
These are dead tissues, very hard and rigid in texture.
Cells are thick-walled with various size and shapes.
These provide mechanical support and rigidity to the plant.
Complex permanent Tissue
The complex tissues are made up of various types of cells carrying out distinct functions and are of two types:
Xylem
It transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves of the plant.
It provides support to the plants.
It is divided into-tracheids, vessels, xylem fiber, and xylem parenchyma.
Phloem
It translocates the prepared organic food from the leaves to different parts of the plant.
It is also known as bast.
It is composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibres.
Special Tissues
They are modified structurally to carry out functions secretory in nature and are of two types:
Laticiferous Tissues
The plant tissues have latex.
They originate from the meristematic tissues and mature with other tissues.
The cells are elongated, thin-walled and multinucleated.
Observed in a large number of families such as Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Compositate, etc.
Glandular Tissues
They possess various glands, that secrete oil, resins, tannin, mucilage, etc.
The gland is situated on the epidermis