Question

Section-
Q19. What were the main ideas behind the French Revolution?​

Answer 1

Answer:

The ideals of the French Revolution are Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

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The French Revolution was motivated and shaped by several distinct ideas. Three of these ideas were encapsulated in a well-known revolutionary slogan: “Liberty! Equality! Fraternity!”. The ideology of the French Revolution was broader and more complex than mere slogans though. French revolutionary ideas drew heavily on the political philosophy of the Enlightenment and the writings of the philosophes.

$\huge\sf\underline{\underline{\blue{Liberty}}}$

In the context of the 18th century, liberty described freedom from oppression, particularly oppression by the state or government.

The most visible instruments of oppression in the Ancien Régime were lettres de cachet, or sealed orders signed by the king. These lettres had several functions but their most common use was to detain and imprison individuals without trial or due process.

Several notable figures were imprisoned by lettres de cachet, including Honore Mirabeau (for disgracing his family) and Voltaire (for defamatory writings).

Another example of state oppression was the censorship of publications containing criticisms of the king, the aristocracy or the church. The Ancien Régime also used torture to deal with its opponents, though this declined in the late 1700s and was formally abolished in May 1788.

$\huge\sf\underline{\underline{\purple{Equality}}}$

Equality also underpinned the ideas of the French Revolution. The social structure of the Ancien Régime was uneven and unfair, especially with regard to political participation and taxation.

The citizens of the Third Estate wanted equality. Some, however, wanted a more limited form of equality than others. The rising bourgeoisie wanted political and social equality with the nobility of the Second Estate. They favoured a meritocracy: a society where rank and status were defined by ability and achievement, rather than birthright and privilege.

For this, they looked to the newly formed United States, where a revolution had transferred government power to men of talent and ability. The bourgeoisie was more reluctant about sharing political equality with the lower ranks of the Third Estate, however. They did not support universal voting rights, believing that voting should be a privilege of the propertied classes.

$\huge\sf\underline{\underline{\pink{Fraternity}}}$

The revolutionary slogan fraternité is best translated as ‘brotherhood’. Fraternity suggested that the nation’s citizens were bound together in solidarity. It combined nationalism with love and concern for one’s fellow citizens.

Fraternity was the most abstract, idealistic and unachievable of all revolutionary ideals. It was more prevalent in the early phase of the revolution when the new government was churning out positive reforms like the August Decrees and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Many visual sources from 1789-90 have fraternity as their central theme. They show the Three Estates cooperating and working together to improve the nation. As the revolution progressed and political divisions emerged, this focus on unity and brotherhood quickly evaporated.

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