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B. What tools did the hunter gatherers use?
What are the 2 techniques used to make
stone tools?
Answers
Answer:
From sharpened rocks to polished stone axes, Stone Age human ancestors made progressively more complex devices over 2.6 million years.
BY SARAH PRUITT
Kean Collection/Getty Images
Humans weren’t the first to make or use stone tools. That honor appears to belong to the ancient species that lived on the shores of Lake Turkana, in Kenya, some 3.3 million years ago. First discovered in 2011, these more primitive tools were created some 700,000 years before the earliest members of the Homo genus emerged.
The earliest known human-made stone tools date back around 2.6 million years. Crafted and used by Homo habilis (sometimes known as “handy man”), these implements marked the first in a series of major toolmaking advances among early human hunter-gatherer societies, lasting from the early Stone Age all the way up until the first modern humans, Homo sapiens, made the transition to permanent agricultural settlements around 10,000 years ago.
1.) Sharpened stones (Oldowan tools): 2.6 million years ago
One of the earliest examples of stone tools found in Ethiopia.
Didier Descouens/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0
The early Stone Age (also known as the Lower Paleolithic) saw the development of the first stone tools by Homo habilis, one of the earliest members of the human family. These were basically stone cores with flakes removed from them to create a sharpened edge that could be used for cutting, chopping or scraping.
Though they were first discovered at (and named for) Olduvai Gorge near Lake Victoria, Tanzania, the oldest known Oldowan tools were found in Gona, Ethiopia, and date back to about 2.6 million years ago. Oldowan tools represent the first “mode” in the framework of tool technologies proposed by the British archaeologist Grahame Clark in his book World Prehistory: A New Synthesis (1969), which is still used by many archaeologists for classification today.
2.) Stone handaxe (Acheulean tools): 1.6 million years ago
An Acheulean handaxe from Swakscombe, Kent, now held in the collections of the British Museum.
CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images
The next leap forward in tool technology occurred when early humans began striking flakes off longer rock cores to shape them into thinner, less rounded implements, including a new kind of tool called a handaxe. With two curved, flaked surfaces forming the cutting edge (a technique known as bifacial working), these more sophisticated Acheulean tools proved sharper and more effective.
Named for St. Acheul on the Somme River in France, where the first tools from this tradition were found in the mid-19th century, Acheulean tools spread from Africa over much of the world with the migration of Homo erectus, a closer relative to modern humans. They have been found at sites as far afield as southern Africa, northern Europe and the Indian subcontinent.
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