Question

Seismic refraction method for groundwater exploration

Answer 1

Explanation:

Seismic refraction allows economical collection of data for one or more model input parameters and provides the basis for efficient collection of subsurface data by test drilling or aquifer tests.

These data were used in groundwater models and provided parameter values that required few adjustments during calibration.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Explanation:

a. If a company's tax rate increases but the YTM of its non-callable bonds remains the same, the after-tax cost of its debt will fall.

b. All else equal, an increase in a company's stock price will increase its cost of new common equity, Kncs.

c. When calculating the cost of preferred stock, a company needs to adjust for taxes, because preferred stock dividends are tax deductible.

d. All else equal, an increase in a company's stock price will increase its cost of retained earnings, KRE.

e. Since the money is readily available, the after-tax cost of retained earnings is usually much lower than the after-tax cost of debt.