' Seismic waves are used to know the interior structure of the earth.' Explain
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The structure of Earth's deep interior cannot be studied directly. But geologists use seismic (earthquake) waves to determine the depths of layers of molten and
semi-molten material within Earth. Because different types of earthquake waves behave differently when they encounter material in different states (for example,
molten, semi-molten, solid), seismic stations established around Earth detect and record the strengths of the different types of waves and the directions from which
they came. Geologists use these records to establish the structure of Earth's interior.
The two principal types of seismic waves are P-waves (pressure; goes through liquid and solid) and S-waves (shear or secondary; goes only through solid - not through liquid). The travel velocity of these two wave types is not the same (P-waves are faster than S-waves). Thus, if there is an earthquake somewhere, the first waves that arrive are P-waves. In essence, the gap in P-wave and S-wave arrival gives a first estimate of the distance to the earthquake.