Question

Select the correct statement from the following options.
(a) Mutations are random and directional.
(b) Darwinian variations are small and direction less.
(c) Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature.
(d) All mammals have evolved vivipary as an adaptation.

Answer 1

Answer:

c)

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Answer 2

Answer:

Option (c)

Explanation:

• Mutations are any sudden or random changes and thus are directionless.

Thus option (a) is incorrect.

• Darwinian variations are small and heritable. so these variations are directional.

Thus option (b) is incorrect.

• Vivipary was one of the most significant adaptations of vertebrate reproduction as it allowed the offspring to grow and develop inside the mother's womb to prevent it from predation or environmental pressures.

Thus option (d) is incorrect.

• During the struggle for existence, only those individuals could survive who exhibit variations that are proved to be beneficial in overcoming hardships and rigors of the environment or which adapt themselves to changing natural or environmental conditions. Fitness increases their ability to adapt, reproduce and compete efficiently. This increases their survival and reproduction. This has been called natural selection by Darwin and survival of the fittest by H. spencer.

Hence option (c) is correct.