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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡændi/;[2] 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer,[3] anti-colonial nationalist[4] and political ethicist[5] who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule[6] and in turn inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "great-souled", "venerable"), first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, is now used throughout the world.[7][8]
Mahatma
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Mahatma-Gandhi, studio, 1931.jpg
Studio photograph of Gandhi, 1931
Born
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2 October 1869
Porbandar, Kathiawar Agency, British Raj
Died
30 January 1948 (aged 78)
New Delhi, India
Cause of death
Assassination (Gunshot wounds)
Monuments
Raj Ghat,
Gandhi Smriti
Citizenship
British Raj (1869–1947)
Dominion of India (1947–1948)
Alma mater
Alfred High School, Rajkot (1880 – November 1887)
Samaldas Arts College, Bhavnagar (January 1880 – July 1888)
Inner Temple, London (September 1888–1891)
(Informal auditing student at University College, London between 1888 and 1891)
Occupation
lawyeranti-colonialistpolitical ethicist
Years active
1893–1948
Era
British Raj
Known for
Leadership of the campaign for India's independence from British rule,
Nonviolent resistance
Notable work
The Story of My Experiments with Truth
Political party
Indian National Congress (1920–1934)[1]
Movement
Indian independence movement
Spouse(s)
Kasturba Gandhi
(m. 1883; died 1944)
Children
HarilalManilalRamdasDevdas
Parents
Karamchand Gandhi (father)
Putlibai Gandhi (mother)
Signature
Signature of Gandhi
Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, and was called to the bar at age 22 in June 1891. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, he moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. It was in South Africa that Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India. He set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and above all for achieving swaraj or self-rule.[9]
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