she was a well known children's educationist who became the first woman in Italy to earn a degree in medicine
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Doctor Maria Montessori was born on August 31, 1870 in Chiaravalle, near Ancona. In 1896 she became the first female doctor in Italy. This was a great event since until then, medicine was reserved for men.
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Doctor Maria Montessori was born on August 31, 1870 in Chiaravalle, near Ancona.
In 1896 she became the first female doctor in Italy. This was a great event since until then, medicine was reserved for men. During her studies, doctor Maria Montessori had to do her dissection and anatomy exercises alone on the corpses at night, because the men were embarrassed to have a woman at their side. Her own father was against the fact that she was studying medicine (while her mother encouraged her!). Maria Montessori finished brilliantly her studies by obtaining the mention “excellent”. She was therefore a precursor of the fight for parity.
Biography of doctor Maria Montessori
In 1896, she represented Italian women at a women’s congress. She had a real aura. Then she started working with disabled children in a clinic in Rome. During this period, she read the writings of Itard and Seguin on the education and development of children.
In 1899 she was appointed Dean of a Roman training institute for teachers specializing in the education of handicapped children.
From 1899 to 1900, she headed an institute of medicine and pedagogy into which was a model school for children with deficiencies. She practiced pedagogy and experimental psychology.
In 1904 (only eight years after obtaining her doctorate), she held a chair in anthropology at the University of Rome. It is absolutely exceptional! During this period, she established an intimate relationship with another doctor named Montessano. Not wanting to prejudice their respective careers, they decide not to marry. However, nine months later, their son Mario Montessori was born. Maria Montessori remained very discreet about this birth. At that time, such an event could have ended her career. Mario was raised by an adoptive family who lived in the Italian countryside. From time to time he received visits from a lady: Maria Montessori. When he was fourteen, she officialised her motherhood.
THE HOUSE OF THE CHILDREN
Three years later, in some poor districts of Rome, the children, left to their own devices, vandalized their neighborhood and even their own homes. An association decided to build houses to accommodate them while the parents were working. Maria Montessori, who had heard about this project, took this unique opportunity. In 1907, the first Casa dei Bambini (“The House of the Children“) was opened in the neighborhood of San Lorenzo (a very poor suburb of Rome). Doctor Maria Montessori had two tools at that time: her studies (on Itard and Seguin) and her experience as a teacher. The new foundation was immediately immensely successful. Journalists came from all over the world to see these “new” children and understand the reasons for such success. Maria Montessori, make it clear to them that what allows such results with these children is not the material but rather the work that they carry out with it!
In 1909, she published her first book: The scientific pedagogy, volume I. Meanwhile, the first children grow up and it became necessary to open new spaces adapted to their age.
Thus, in 1913, from her experience with the greatest, Maria Montessori published The scientific pedagogy, volume II.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Since 1914, “The House of Children” (for children between three and six years of age) are experiencing little change. Their structure was completed before the Second World War, which is not the case for the “Elementary School” (for children between the ages of six and twelve). This second structure will be finalized after the death of Maria Montessori.
From 1939 to 1946, as well as in 1948, Maria Montessori lived in India. Considered as an enemy by Mussolini, she was closely monitored. However, with the help of her son Mario, she continued working. During this period, she made important discoveries for children between the ages of six and twelve. Unfortunately, there is no written records of this work.
In 1949, the book Absorbing Spirit is published.
After her death in 1952, Mario gathered and structured the writings and work of his mother in India.