Shed light on how the UN and its member nations take decisions.....???
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Answer:
How Decisions are Made at the UN
The annual session of the General Assembly opens every year on the third Tuesday of September and runs for a year. The work of the GA follows a cycle of debate, negotiation, decision, implementation and reporting. Model UN simulations focus exclusively on the first three phases of the cycle.
There are three general components to the decision-making process that are crucial for anyone participating in a Model UN simulation to understand: debating, negotiating, and taking action. This section will provide an overview of these three components and highlight what aspects are important to include in Model UN simulations. In addition, it will highlight what gets lost in most MUN simulations when the implementation phase is neglected.
Setting the GA agenda
At the beginning of each new session of the General Assembly, the GA plenary and its six Main Committees are allocated agenda items to consider. The items on the UN agenda represent the UN’s priority issues. The main goal of each GA session is to take action on each agenda item that has been allocated to the GA for its consideration. “Considering” an agenda item involves first discussing the item and then adopting one or more resolutions on that item.
According to Article 10 of the UN Charter which defines the Functions and Powers of the GA, “ The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and,…may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or the Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters.” In other words, resolutions adopted by the GA on agenda items are considered to be recommendations and are not legally binding on the Member States. The only resolutions that have the potential to be legally binding are those that are adopted by the Security Council.
Why consensus is important
This explains why Member States consider it so important to adopt a resolution that has the widest possible agreement among Member States. Before taking action on a draft resolution, they spend hours discussing every word in the resolution in the hope of reaching agreement on the text. When consensus on the text is reached all of the Member States agree to adopt the draft resolution without taking a vote. Adopting a draft without a vote is the most basic definition of what consensus means. If 192 Member States agreed on the text but there is just one Member State that requests a vote, then consensus is not reached.
If a GA resolution is not legally binding then the best way to encourage all Member States to implement the recommendations expressed in a resolution is to get all of them to agree on the same text. When a resolution is adopted by a simple majority, those that did not vote in favour of a resolution on a particular agenda item will be less likely to implement the actions on an agenda item that are recommended in a resolution.
When the UN was created in 1945, there were only 51 Member States and resolutions were adopted by a vote. Today, in contrast, there are 193 Member States and roughly 80% of the General Assembly resolutions are adopted by consensus, that is, without taking a vote.
A company has been earning huge amount of profits since the last five years. Its shares are actively traded in the stock exchange and the shareholders expect capital appreciation rather than regular returns. Since it is financed mainly through equity, so there are no restrictions imposed on it by the lenders.As a member of the Board of directors, you have to take decision regarding the payment of dividend. Identify the different factors above by quoting the relevant lines.