shirt note Rajasthan desert
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Answer:
The Western part of Rajasthan is a desert because the temperature remains very high in summer and the Aravallis lie parallel to the path of the Arabian Sea Branch of the southwest monsoons , there by causing no orographic rainfall. ... Thus the deserts are formed.Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan.
Answer:
The Thar Desert extends between the Aravalli Hills in the north-east,[1] the Great Rann of Kutch along the coast and the alluvial plains of the Indus River in the west and north-west. Most of the desert area is covered by huge shifting sand dunes that receive sediments from the alluvial plains and the coast. The sand is highly mobile due to strong winds occurring before the onset of the monsoon. The Luni River is the only river integrated into the desert.[4] Rainfall is limited to 100–500 mm (4–20 in) per year, mostly falling from July to September.[1]
Salt water lakes within the Thar Desert include the Sambhar, Kuchaman, Didwana, Pachpadra and Phalodi in Rajasthan and Kharaghoda in Gujarat. These lakes receive and collect rain water during monsoon and evaporate during the dry season. The salt is derived by the weathering of rocks in the region.[5]
Lithic tools belonging to the prehistoric Aterian culture of the Maghreb have been discovered in Middle Paleolithic deposits in the Thar Desert.[6]
Desertification control
Greening desert with plantations of jojoba at Fatehpur, Shekhawati
Checking of shifting sand dunes through plantations of Acacia tortilis near Laxmangarh town
Indira Gandhi Canal flowing in Thar Desert near Sattasar village, Bikaner district, Rajasthan
The soil of the Thar Desert remains dry for much of the year and is prone to wind erosion. High velocity winds blow soil from the desert, depositing some on neighboring fertile lands, and causing shifting sand dunes within the desert. Sand dunes are stabilised by erecting micro-windbreak barriers with scrub material and subsequent afforestation of the treated dunes with seedlings of shrubs such as phog, senna, castor oil plant and trees such as gum acacia, Prosopis juliflora and lebbek tree. The 649 km (403 mi) long Indira Gandhi Canal brings fresh water to the Thar Desert.[1] It was conceived to halt spreading of the desert to fertile areas.
There are few local tree species suitable for planting in the desert, which are slow growing. Therefore, exotic tree species were introduced for plantation. Many species of Eucalyptus, Acacia, Cassia and other genera from Israel, Australia, US, Russia, Zimbabwe, Chile, Peru and Sudan have been tried in Thar Desert. Acacia tortilis has proved to be the most promising species for desert afforestation and the jojoba is another promising species of economic value found suitable for planting in these areas.[1]
Protected areas
There are several protected areas in the Thar Desert.
In India:
the Desert National Park covers 3,162 km2 (1,221 sq mi) and represents the Thar Desert ecosystem;[7] it includes 44 villages.[8] Its diverse fauna includes the great Indian bustard (Chirotis nigricaps), blackbuck, chinkara, fox, Bengal fox, wolf, and caracal. Seashells and massive fossilized tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert;
the Tal Chhapar Sanctuary covers 7 km2 (2.7 sq mi) and is an Important Bird Area.[8] It is located in the Churu District, 210 km (130 mi) from Jaipur, in the Shekhawati region. This sanctuary is home to a large population of blackbuck, fox and caracal and birds such as partridge and sand grouse;
the Sundha Mata Conservation Reserve covers 117.49 km2 (45.36 sq mi) and is located in the Jalore District.[9]
In Pakistan:
the Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary covers 6,300 km2 (2,400 sq mi);[10] and is located in is located in Mirpurkhas District.[11] It contains the largest population of the endangered mugger crocodile in Pakistan.[11]
the Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary located in Badin District is an Important Bird Area and Ramsar Site with 30 species of mammals, 112 bird species, 20 reptile, and 22 important plant species.[12]
the Lal Suhanra Biosphere Reserve and National Park is a UNESCO declared Biosphere Reserve,[13] which covers 65,791 hectares (254.02 sq mi) the Cholistan region of the Greater Thar Desert.[14]
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