Short Answer Questions:
1. Name the sources of information about forces operating inside the earth.
2. In which part of the earth is NIFE found? What is it composed of?
3. What are the consequences of the pressure and temperature in the interior of the earth?
4. How do the meteorites help scientists to know about the interior of the earth?
5. What is the composition of the earth's crust?
6. What is lithosphere?
7. Name the three layers of the earth's interior.
8. Describe the mantle. State its two chief characteristics.
9. Where is athenosphere found? In which form does it exist?
10. Write one difference between moho discontinuity and Gutenberg Discontinuity.
11. Why is the earth's interior in most part found in a solid state despite great heat and pressure?
Answers
Answer:
1.The study of seismic waves (using information about the arrival and behavior of the waves, scientists can deduce a picture of the different layers of the earth's interior) and materials that are thrown by the volcanoes are main sources of information about the forces operating inside the earth.
2.NIFE is found in the inner core of die earth. NIFE is composed of Nickel Ni and Iron Fe being heavy metals and having high density these are found deep inside the earth.
3.Movement in the mantle layer is the cause of volcanic activity and earthquakes. The outer core lies under the mantle, and is 1,400 miles thick. Temperatures within the outer core range from 7,200 to 9,000 F. Pressure also increases in the outer core due in part to the weight of the crust and mantle above.
4.At the time of the origin of the earth every planet and meteorites were floating in the space and the materials of the earth were same as that of the meteorites. So, the scientists can calculate the composition of rocks ofthe earth by studying the materials found in the meteorites.
5.Lutgens and Edward J. Tarbuck, Earth's crust is made up of several elements: oxygen, 46.6 percent by weight; silicon, 27.7 percent; aluminum, 8.1 percent; iron, 5 percent; calcium, 3.6 percent; sodium, 2.8 percent, potassium, 2.6 percent, and magnesium, 2.1 percent.
6.A lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater.
7.The Earth is divided into three main layers. The dense, hot inner core (yellow), the molten outer core (orange), the mantle (red), and the thin crust (brown), which supports all life in the known universe. Earth's interior is generally divided into three major layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.
Category: Planet
8.Mantle lies below the crust. ... Mantle is divided into two parts- the upper mantle and the lower mantle. Two chief characteristics of mantle are- It has an average thickness is 2900 km.
9.mantle
Asthenosphere is found in the mantle at a depth of 100-250 km. It is found in the semi liquid state.
10.Moho Discontinuity is the boundary between crust and mantle. Gutenberg Discontinuity is the boundary between mantle and core. It is found at about 8 km beneath the oceans and about 32 km beneath the continents.
11.The solid state of the inner core is due to high density and pressure which have compressed molten rock material and keep this layer firm and solid in some parts due to high pressure inspite of the temperature of 5000°C.
Explanation:
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