SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Where do microorganisms live?
2. Name the five major types of microorganisms.
3. What are the symptoms of food poisoning?
4. Write the different shapes of bacteria.
5. Explain the mode of nutrition in fungi.
Answers
Answer:
1. Microorganisms are found in air, water and in the bodies of plants and animals. They can live in all kinds of environment, ranging from ice cold climate to hot springs, deserts and marshy lands. They are also found inside the bodies of animals including humans. Some microorganisms grow on other organisms while others exist freely.
2. Microbial diversity is truly staggering, yet all these microbes can be grouped into five major types: Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, and Protists.
3. Severe life-threatening symptoms of food poisoning include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Abdominal cramps
- Loss of appetite
- Mild fever
- Weakness
- Headaches
- Severe diarrhoea for more than two days
- High fever
- Difficulty in speaking or seeing
- Severe dehydration, including dry mouth
- Blood in urine
4. Different shapes of bacteria are used to categorise bacteria. Different shapes of a bacterial cell are:
- Spherical- Cocci
- Rod-shaped- Bacilli
- Spiral bacteria
- Comma shaped- Vibrio
5. The mode of nutrition in fungi is saprotrophic and they are called saprophytes. It is a mode of nutrition in which an organism obtains its nutrients from the decaying organic matter.
Answer:
1. Microorganisms can be found everywhere as they can survive in every type of environment.
2. Microorganisms are divided into 7 types: Bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites(helminths).
3. Symptoms of food poisoning are
- abdominal cramps
- diarrhea
- vomiting
- loss of appetite
- mild fever
4. The 3 basic bacterial shapes are coccus(spherical), bacillus(rod-shaped), and spiral(twisted).
5. The mode of nutrition in fungi is heterotrophic. They cannot prepare their own food and hence are dependent on other organisms for their carbon source.