short conclusion on Harappan and Mesopotamia civilization
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The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak.
The Mesopotamian Civilisation is regarded as one of the notable ancient civilisations of the world.
In the fertile crescent of two rivers namely, Tigris and Euphrates of West Asia this civilisation grew. Literally Mesopotamia means—”The land between two rivers”.
With the gradual march of time, the Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian Civilisation grew in the land between these two rivers.
The present Iraq was known as Mesopotamia. It had witnessed the conglomeration of several races. In or around 5,000 B.C. a nomadic people appeared is Mesopotamia. They occupied a portion of land in Mesopotamia and named it as ‘Sumer’. The term ‘Sumerian’ means “a man having black head”.
They founded cities like Ur, Nipur, Lagash, Nir and Kish. By 2900 B.C., the Sumerians were defeated by Akkadians. The Akkadians carved out their kingdom in the northern part of Mesopotamia and under Surgon-I they became powerful. The Amorites defeated the Akkadians
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