Short note about of national song 150 words
Answers
Answer:
Vande Mataram (also pronounced Bande Mataram) (IAST: Vande Mātaram) (English Translation: Mother, I bow to thee) is a Bengali poem written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1870s, which he included in his 1882 novel Anandamath. The poem was composed into song by Rabindranath Tagore.[1] The first two verses of the song were adopted as the National Song of India in October 1937 by the Congress Working Committee prior to the end of colonial rule in August 1947.
Explanation:
An ode to the Motherland, it was written in Bengali script in the novel Anandmath.[5] The title 'Bande Mataram' means "I praise thee, Mother" or "I praise to thee, Mother".[1][6] The "mother goddess" in later verses of the song has been interpreted as the motherland of the people – Bangamata (Mother Bengal) and Bharat Mata (Mother India),[7][8] though the text does not mention this explicitly.
It played a vital role in the Indian independence movement, first sung in a political context by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.[9] It became a popular marching song for political activism and Indian freedom movement in 1905.[1] Spiritual Indian nationalist and philosopher Sri Aurobindo referred it as "National Anthem of Bengal".[10] The song and the novel containing it was banned by the British government, but workers and general public defied the ban, many went to colonial prisons repeatedly for singing it, and the ban was overturned by the Indians after they gained independence from the colonial rule.[11][12]
In 1950 (after India's independence), the first two verses of the song were declared the "national song" of the Republic of India, distinct from the national anthem of India, Jana Gana Mana. The first two verses of the song are an abstract reference to mother and motherland, they do not mention any Hindu deity by name, unlike later verses that do mention goddesses such as Durga.[13][14] There is no time limit or circumstantial specification for the rendition of this song [unlike the national anthem Jana Gana Mana that specifies 52 seconds].
The first two verses of Vande Mataram penned by legendary Bengali writer and novelist, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was selected as the National Song of India on January 24, 1950. The song shares the same status as the National Anthem ‘Jana Gana Mana’ barring certain official dictates. At the time when India achieved independence it certainly was the more popular tune compared to ‘Jana Gana Mana’ which was adopted as the National Anthem by the Constituent Assembly later on. The phrase ‘Vande Mataram’ itself was the mantra of Indian revolutionaries and nationalist leaders during the country’s struggle for freedom. It enthused numerous young men and women who fell into the patriotic sentiments of the time, dedicating their spirits in service of their Motherland. Revolutionary turned spiritualist Aurobindo Ghosh termed it the ‘Anthem of Bengal’ and rendered the English translation titled ‘I bow to thee, Mother’.
Lyrics and Translation
The poem features in Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay’s patriotic novel ‘Anandamath’ which was published as a series in the Bengali periodical ‘Banga Darshan’ between 1880 and 1882. The language of the novel is formal Bengali, a dialect known as ‘Sadhu Bhasha’ or ‘Tatsama’, but the verses of Vande Mataram are written in Sanskrit. Only the first two of the six verses were adopted as the national song in 1950. The lyrics of the song in Sanskrit are as follows -
Vande mataram
Sujalam suphalam malayajasitalam
Sasyashyamalam mataram
Vande mataram
Shubhra jyotsna
pulakita yaminim
Phulla kusumita
Drumadalasobhinim
Suhasinim
Sumadhura bhasinim
Sukhadam varadam
mataram
Vande mataram
The power packed verses had profound effect on the psyche of contemporary nationalists who assimilated the patriotic vibes. One of these young revolutionaries, Aurobindo Ghosh, took upon himself the task of translating the poem in English with the aim to popularize it among international audience. The translation was titled ‘Mother, I bow to thee’ and appeared in the weekly periodical Karmayogin on November 20, 1909. Translation of the first two verses is as follows -
Mother, I bow to thee!
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
bright with orchard gleams,
Cool with thy winds of delight,
Dark fields waving Mother of might,
Mother free.
Glory of moonlight dreams,
Over thy branches and lordly streams,
Clad in thy blossoming trees,
Mother, giver of ease
Laughing low and sweet!
Mother I kiss thy feet,
Speaker sweet and low!
Mother, to thee I bow.”