Question

Short note on Abdul Gaffar Khan

Answer 1

Khān Abdul Ghaffār Khān' was born on 6 February, 1890 in Peshawar (now in Pakistan). His father, Bahram Khan, was a land owner.

At school the young Ghaffar did well in his studies. He was an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He belonged to that part of India which was called the North West Frontier Province.

In 1919, when Gandhiji started his agitation against the Rowlatt Bill, Abdul Ghaffar joined it and went to British prison for six months. In 1921, Abdul Ghaffar started a national school at Utmanzal, and toured the province to spread national feelings among the people. So he was arrest­ed and sent to jail for three years.

In April, 1930 Badshah Khan was arrested for his activities (luring the Civil Disobedience Movement). Afterwards, he was arrested many a time for giving speech­es, or for participating in Congress movements, like 'Quit India' Movement of 1942 etc. 

Khān Abdul Ghaffār Khān was known in his native North-West Frontier as 'Badshah Khan', and to millions in undivided India as the 'Frontier Gandhi'. He strongly opposed the partition of India. In 1987, he awarded the 'Bharat Ratna', He passed away on 20 January, 1988. He will always be remembered for his non-violent resistance to the British's away over the country and a devout follower of the great Mahatma Gandhi. 

Answer 2

Answer:

Abdul Ghaffar Khan, (born 1890, Utmanzai, India—died Jan. 20, 1988, Peshawar, Pak.), the foremost 20th-century leader of the Pashtuns(Pakhtuns, or Pathans; a Muslim ethnic group of Pakistan and Afghanistan), who became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and was called the “Frontier Gandhi.”Ghaffar Khan met Gandhi and entered politics in 1919 during agitation over the Rowlatt Acts, which allowed the internment of political dissidents without trial. In the following year he joined the Khilafat movement, which sought to strengthen the spiritual ties of Indian Muslims to the Turkish sultan, and in 1921 he was elected president of a district Khilafat committee in his native North-West Frontier Province.Soon after attending an Indian National Congress (Congress Party) gathering in 1929, Ghaffar Khan founded the Red Shirt movement(Khudai Khitmatgar) among the Pashtuns. It espoused nonviolent nationalist agitation in support of Indian independence and sought to awaken the Pashtuns’ political consciousness. By the late 1930s Ghaffar Khan had become a member of Gandhi’s inner circle of advisers, and the Khudai Khitmatgar actively aided the Congress Party cause up to the partition of India in 1947.