Short note on Akbar(ruler of india) and his contribution in the field of administration.
Answers
Akbar (Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar) was the 3rd Mughal Emperor.[1] He was born in Umerkot (now Pakistan). He was the son of 2nd Mughal Emperor Humayun.
Akbar became the de jure king in 1556 at the age of 13 when his father died. Bairam Khan was appointed as Akbar's regent and chief army commander. Soon after coming to power Akbar defeated Hemu, the general of the Afghan forces, in the Second Battle of Panipat. After a few years, he ended the regency of Bairam Khan and took charge of the kingdom. He initially offered friendship to the Rajputs. However, he had to fight against some Rajputs who opposed him. In 1576 he defeated Maharana Pratap of Mewar in the Battle of Haldighati. Akbar's wars made the Mughal empire more than twice as big as it had been before, covering most of the Indian subcontinent except the south.
Akbar's system of central government was based on the system that had evolved since the Delhi Sultanate, but the functions of various departments were reorganised with detailed regulations for their functioning
The revenue department was headed by a wazir, responsible for all finances and management of jagir and inamdar feudal lands.
The head of the military was called the mir bakshi, appointed from among the leading nobles of the court. The mir bakshi was in charge of intelligence gathering, and also made recommendations to the emperor for military appointments and promotions.
The mir saman was in charge of the imperial household, including the harems, and supervised the functioning of the court and royal bodyguard.
The judiciary was a separate organization headed by a chief qazi, who was also responsible for religious beliefs and practices.
Akbar was the centre of all powers—civil, judicial, military and religious. He was the Supreme Commander of the army. He established a centralized administration. All appointments, promotions or dismissals depended on his decision and orders.