Short note on Anatomical evidence.
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Answer:
Anatomical evidence of evolution focuses on similarities and differences in the body structures of different species. Comparative anatomy is the field of study dedicated to this. Similarities in anatomical structures of different species signify that the two species have a relatively recent common ancestor.
Answer:Anatomical and Physiological Evidence of Evolution
Anatomical
Anatomical evidence of evolution focuses on similarities and differences in the body structures of different species. Comparative anatomy is the field of study dedicated to this.
Similarities in anatomical structures of different species signify that the two species have a relatively recent common ancestor. While it is possible for different species to develop similar skills independently, it's very unlikely that they developed that same or very similar bone structures independently.
We call anatomically similar body parts homologous structures.
A comparison of the anatomy of a human heart and a turtle heart
The human heart has a very similar structure to that of turtles and many other species.
Note that homologous structures don't have to have the same function. For example, a human arm and a whale flipper are used for completely different purposes but are made of very similar bones. They are homologous to each other.
Physiological
Physiological evidence of evolution deals with the functions of body parts among different species.
Analogous structures are body parts of different species that have a similar function. These structures have a similar purpose but can look completely different.
Vestigial structures are also useful to observe. These are structures found in the body that no longer serve an important function. The human tail bone is an example. It suggests that humans evolved from a species that had a tail.
A comparison of the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat
The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bat have the same function, to fly. However, the structures look nothing alike.
Similar function does not mean that two species have evolved together. If the function is the same but the structures are not similar, then there probably is no recent common ancestor.
Analogous structures are important because they show how similar functions evolved independently among different species. Convergent evolution is the process by which different species independently evolve analogous structures because they have to adapt to similar environments.
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