short note on constitution of India 500 words
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Answer:
Salient features of the constitution of India are given below-
1) Longest written constitution
The Constitution of India holds the exclusivity of being the longest and hand written Constitution of the World. It contains the systematic elaboration of every topic. The constitution of India is the lengthiest because it contains separate provisions for centre and state and their relations, separate provisions for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, women and children. Contains detailed list of Directive principles, state policy, fundamental rights and duties of the citizens.
2) Living Document
The Constitution of India is known as a living document owing to its flexibility. The constitution is fluid as it can be amended according to the need and sentiment of people for serving general good.
3) Rigid and flexible
The Constitution of India is rigid because it is the supreme law of the country. No law is superior to the Constitution, and all must abide by the provisions provided in the Constitution. The Constitution of India also flexible as its content and principles may be amended by the Legislature by simple legislative procedures.
4) Preamble of the constitution
Preamble of the constitution is the introductory part of the Constitution of India. Like the introductory part of a book, it is not related to the contents but explains the objective and principle of the constitution. The preamble describes the objective of the constitution in two ways- one is the system of governance and other as the ideals to be achieved in Independent India.
5) Fundamental Rights and Duties
The Constitution of India guarantees certain fundamental rights to is citizens. Initially there were seven fundamental rights, but with scrapping of the right to property, there are only six fundamental rights as below-
Right to equality.
Right to freedom.
Right against exploitation.
Right to the freedom of religion.
Cultural and educational rights.
Rights to Constitutional remedies.
6) Directive Principles
Directive Principles of state policy provided in the constitution declares the policy by which the government of the state is to be governed. It also represents philosophies like- likely means of livelihood for the citizens, equal opportunities for men and women and equal wages for them, compulsory primary education, distribution of wealth in order to reduce financial disparity and serve common good, old age care and unemployment etc.
7) Parliamentary system
The Constitution has provided for Parliamentary form of government both for the centre and the states. It is a democratic setup of governance, where the executive is responsible to the legislature. The council of ministers is held responsible for the Lok Sabha, lower house of union parliament. The bills passed by the Parliament need an approval of the President.
8) Amendment Procedures.
The procedure of amending the Constitution is laid down in PartXX (Article 368) of the Constitution of India. An amendment of the Constitution can be initiated only by introduction of a bill in either houses of Parliament. It must then be approved with majority from both the houses. The bill is then finally presented to the President for his consent. Every amendment is referred to as an Act, like the first amendment Act, second amendment Act and so on.
9) Judicial Review
The judiciary has been given a significant position independent of legislature and he executive. The Supreme Court is at the Apex of the judicial system. The main objectives of the Supreme Court are protection of fundamental rights and to act as the guardian of the Constitution. The Constitution has made provisions for the independence of judiciary because only an independent judiciary can protect the rights of people.
Conclusion :
The Constitution serves as a set of rules according to which a group of people or country is governed. It provides the rules acceptable to all the citizens of the Country irrespective of their caste, creed and religion. Constitution is very important for a civilized society to function and to ensure its citizens- equality of opportunity, justice and fraternity.