short note on fC reaction in organic chemistry
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The Friedel-Crafts reaction provides an easy method for the introduction of alkyl and acyl groups in the benzene ring. It helps formation of a carbon-carbon bond with the benzene ring, and so this reaction has immense synthetic importance in organic chemistry.
It is a catalyst-based electrophilic substitution reaction. Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl3, anhydrous FeCl3, BF3 and BiCl3 can be used as catalysts. The catalyst facilitates more effective attack by the electrophile (R+, RCO+ etc.) on the benzene ring.
In Friedel-Crafts alkylation, benzene is treated with an alkyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3, and the product is a benzene homologue. Thus, toluene can be prepared by the following reaction:
C6H6 + CH3Cl = C6H5CH3 + HCl.
In acylation, an acyl chloride is reacted in place of the alkyl chloride when an aromatic ketone is obtained as the product. Thus, acetyl chloride can react with benzene in the presence of AlCl3 to give acetophenone as follows:
C6H6 + CH3COCl = C6H5COCH3 + HCl.
The Friedel-Crafts reaction is very useful for the synthesis of homologues of benzene (alkyl benzenes like toluene) and aromatic ketones. These compounds can be further used for the synthesis of many other derivatives like benzaldehyde, benzoic acid etc.
It is a catalyst-based electrophilic substitution reaction. Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl3, anhydrous FeCl3, BF3 and BiCl3 can be used as catalysts. The catalyst facilitates more effective attack by the electrophile (R+, RCO+ etc.) on the benzene ring.
In Friedel-Crafts alkylation, benzene is treated with an alkyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3, and the product is a benzene homologue. Thus, toluene can be prepared by the following reaction:
C6H6 + CH3Cl = C6H5CH3 + HCl.
In acylation, an acyl chloride is reacted in place of the alkyl chloride when an aromatic ketone is obtained as the product. Thus, acetyl chloride can react with benzene in the presence of AlCl3 to give acetophenone as follows:
C6H6 + CH3COCl = C6H5COCH3 + HCl.
The Friedel-Crafts reaction is very useful for the synthesis of homologues of benzene (alkyl benzenes like toluene) and aromatic ketones. These compounds can be further used for the synthesis of many other derivatives like benzaldehyde, benzoic acid etc.
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The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring.Friedel–Crafts reactions are of two main types: alkylation reactions and acylation reactions. Both proceed by electrophilic aromatic substitution.
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