Question

Short note on fertilization process in gymnosperms

Answer 1

1) they are mostly primitive and simple seed plants.
2) the seed produced by these plants are naked and are not enclosed within the fruits.
3) usually perennial, evergreen and woody plants.
4) sporophylles are aggregated to form cones. there are separate male and female cones.
5). Xylem lack vessels and phloem lacks companion cells.
Gymnosperms include the following groups:-
a) Cycadae e.g.cycas etc
B)Considerate e.g. pinus ,